We draw on the knowledge spillover literature to suggest that a country's proportion of export-oriented new ventures represents an outcome of knowledge spillovers that stem from foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade (export spillovers) as well as a source of knowledge spillovers (entrepreneurship spillovers). To test the hypotheses, we use macrolevel data from 34 countries during the period 2002-2005. We find that the relationship between FDI and international trade on the one hand and a country's proportion of export-oriented new ventures on the other differs for higher- and lower-income countries. In addition, a country's proportion of export-oriented new ventures affects the subsequent emergence of new businesses.

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doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9132-z, hdl.handle.net/1765/14709
ERIM Article Series (EAS)
Small Business Economics: an entrepreneurship journal
Erasmus Research Institute of Management

de Clercq, D., Hessels, J., & van Stel, A. (2008). Knowledge spillovers and new ventures' export orientation. Small Business Economics: an entrepreneurship journal, 31(3), 283–303. doi:10.1007/s11187-008-9132-z