Introduction
Half of the population sustains at least one fracture during their lifetime, and the majority of these fractures heal successfully. Successful fracture healing requires the following five elements; (i) osteogenic cells (e.g., osteoblasts), (ii) osteoinductive stimuli (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins); (iii) an osteoconductive matrix; (iv) adequate blood and nutrient supply, and (v) sufficient mechanical support. One or more elements can be compromised due to the existence of a bone defect. Bone defects are treated with bone grafts in order to avoid insufficient fracture healing. Insufficient fracture healing is encountered in 5–10% of the fractures, resulting in delayed union, malunion, or non-union.

doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.06.004, hdl.handle.net/1765/53827
Surgery and Traumatology
Injury: International Journal of the Care of the Injured
Department of Surgery

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