Brandenburg, H.

Jugular lymphatic sacs in the first trimester of pregnancy: The prevalence and the potential value in screening for chromosomal abnormalities (Article)

2008-11-01T00:00:00Z

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of detectable jugular lymphatic sacs in a setting for first trimester screening for Down syndrome, and to evaluate the influence of jugular lymphatic sacs on the screening performance for chromosomal abnormalities. Methods: A prospective single center study (Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) over a period of one year (January 2003-February 2004). First trimester nuchal translucency measurement was performed in a study population of 415 fetuses. Additionally, the transversal plane with the spine and mandible was visualized to verify the presence of jugular lymphatic sacs. The jugular lymphatic sacs were measured anterior-posterior. The association between nuchal translucency and jugular lymphatic sacs was tested. Results: Follow-up was complete in 406 cases (97.8%). Jugular lymphatic sacs could be visualized in 98 out of 415 (23.5%). The nuchal translucency thickness and the mean of the left and right jugular lymphatic sac were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The sonographic visualization of jugular lymphatic sacs significantly predicts chromosomal abnormalities, although nuchal translucency is a better predictor. Nuchal translucency and jugular lymphatic sacs are strongly correlated and therefore not applicable in a combination test.

Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in cardiac structures of fetus with hydrops as compared to nonhydropic controls (Article)

2005-12-01T00:00:00Z

Objective: The hypothesis that severe fetal hydrops is caused by an excess of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mainly produced in the fetal heart, is tested. Methods: Immunohistochemical VEGF-stained post-mortem biopsies from the right ventricle and right atrium of 8 hydropic fetuses were compared to those of 8 nonhydropic fetuses. The endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, endothelium, and vascular smooth muscle cells were scored on intensity of VEGF-staining. The Mann-Witney test was used to test for significancy (p < 0.05) of the differences in staining. Increased vascularization as a result of VEGF was measured in both groups by standard randomization count. Results: The endocardium, epicardium and endothelium of the coronary vessels showed significantly (p < 0.05) more intense VEGF-staining in the hydrops group than in the control group. The atria showed more intense staining than the ventricles in both groups. The hydropic fetuses showed a significantly increased number of coronary vessels in the myocardium. These vessels contained more blood cells than the coronary vessels in nonhydropic fetuses. Conclusion: The fetal heart appears to be a major source of excess VEGF in fetal hydrops. Copyright

Determination of the parent of origin in nine cases of prenatally detected chromosome aberrations found after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Article)

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Prenatal cytogenetic analysis of 71 fetuses conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) resulted in the detection of nine (12.7%) chromosome aberrations including two cases of 47,XXY, four cases involving a 45,X cell line and three autosomal trisomies. Molecular analysis of the parental origin of the deleted or supernumerary chromosome was performed by using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Six cases involving a sex chromosome abnormality were found to be of paternal origin while the two trisomic cases that could be analysed were of maternal origin. Two cases involved the same infertile couple who had two consecutive ICSI pregnancies terminated because of a chromosome abnormality. The replaced embryos in both cases originated from a single batch of ICSI fertilized oocytes of which part was used to initiate the first pregnancy and part was cryopreserved and used to initiate the second pregnancy.