Federico, B.

smoking country education health women prevalence smoking prevalence inequality difference group trend cohort survey study non-urban level italy smoker european countries tobacco initiation cessation cigarette non-urban areas european analyses smoking behaviour smoking initiation birth sweden spain time points probability birth cohort education groups population education level table finland behaviour decline change italian result germany research fication article country analyses interval control residence ratio number journal classi classi fication status respondent education group prevalence rates denmark higher-educated point 1.00 place female epidemic / health smoking cessation participant period effect 3 cohorts odds ratios age 40 years quantity giske value consumption