Williams, A.C.

raman depth spectra intensity profile surface enhancer 80 ␮ m application water sulfoxide concentration spectroscopy dimethyl lipid stratum corneum signal vibration signal intensity protein confocal interaction stratum corneum casper amide i band vivo raman spectra depth profiles skin surface caf 2 window 120 ␮ m change palmar stratum corneum dimethyl sulfoxide 20 ␮ m 72 h fraction dmso interaction ratio palmar tissue spectrum layer distribution bruining permeation penetration puppel 45 min skin layers west yorkshire molecule function 20 min moisturizing factor factor fraction barry raman spectrum dmso application sc lipids shift keratin vibrational modes university application mixture bradford palmar sc mixture gerwin j 15 min percutaneous absorption sc components position shunt route permeation vivo raman spectroscopy moietie hydrogen bond acceptor palm surface inwards laser ∼72 h postapplication