http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/14106/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34284/ 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) has been associated with recessive mutations in parkin (PARK2). About half of the mutations found in parkin are genomic rearrangements, i.e., large deletions or duplications. Although many different rearrangements have been found in parkin before, the exact breakpoints involving these rearrangements are rarely mapped. In the present study, the exact breakpoints of 13 different parkin deletions/duplications, detected in 13 patients out of a total screened sample of 116 EOPD patients using Multiple Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) analysis, were mapped using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), long-range PCR and sequence analysis. Deletion/duplication-specific PCR tests were developed as a rapid and low cost tool to confirmMLPA results and to test family members or patients with similar parkin deletions/duplications. Besides several different deletions, an exon 3 deletion, an exon 4 deletion and an exon 7 duplication were found in multiple families. Haplotype analysis in four families showed that a common haplotype of 1.2 Mb could be distinguished for the exon 7 duplication and a common haplotype of 6.3 Mb for the deletion of exon 4. These findings suggest common founder effects for distinct large rearrangements in parkin. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/11060/ 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Introduction. Research and Development (R&D) is one of the most important business activities of the next decade (Porter, 1990). Commercialization of technological know how is essential for survival of firms (Teece, 1987). Organizational forms of R&D are one of the main competitive advantages of firms. The importance of cooperative agreements and networks as an alternative for in-house R&D is increasing (E.C., 1991; OTA, 1990). Collaborative agreements are of strategic importance for a firm (Hakansson, 1990). The number of international cooperative agreements has increased. For example, more than 30% of cooperative agreements in biotechnology are between companies from different parts of the world (Hagedoorn & Schakenraad, 1990).... http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/31656/ 1992-11-26T00:00:00Z http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/11095/ 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Inleiding. Het onderzoek naar de diverse vormen van samenwerking tussen organisaties, bijvoorbeeld joint ventures en strategische allianties, speelt zich doorgaans af op het analyseniveau van de organisaties zelf. Aan samenwerkingsverbanden tussen organisaties op een functioneel managementgebied, bijvoorbeeld produktie, Research & Development (R&D) en marketing, wordt in de literatuur minder aandacht besteed. Terwijl produktie en met name R&D voor veel ondernemingen in de jaren negentig tot de belangrijkste functionele managementgebieden zullen gaan behoren (Porter, 1990). Levenscycli van diverse produkten zullen verkorten door versnelde technologische ontwikkeling, zich snel wijzigende consumentenvoorkeuren en hogere kwaliteitseisen. Hierdoor zullen veel ondernemingen gedwongen zijn tot het opvoeren van hun R&D inspanning, zelf of in samenwerking met anderen, en flexibilisering van de organisatiestructuur....