http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/17905/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/40005/ 2013-02-27T00:00:00Z In this article we develop an empirically grounded typology of labour migration patterns among migrants from Central and Eastern Europe, based on two dimensions: attachment to the destination country and attachment to the country of origin. We conducted a survey (N=654) among labour migrants in the Netherlands from Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. We found four migration patterns in our data: (i) circular migrants (mostly seasonal workers) with weak attachments to the country of destination, (ii) bi-nationals with strong attachments to both the home country and that of destination, (iii) footloose migrants with weak attachments to both the home and the destination country, and (iv) settlers with weak attachments to the home country. Our findings demonstrate the relevance to the debate on transnationalism and integration of distinguishing different migration patterns. Successful integration in Dutch society can go hand-in-hand with 'strong' as well as with 'weak' forms of transnationalism. The bi-national pattern shows a tendency to strong transnationalism, while the settlement pattern demonstrates less transnational involvement with the country of origin. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/26018/ 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z This article assesses the consequences of the transition to a post-industrial urban economy for labour demand and ethnocentrism in the 22 Dutch urban agglomerations. Using municipal-level data as well as surveys, it is shown that the labour market of the least post-industrial cities yields low labour demand for lower-educated urbanites (upgrading/professionalisation thesis), while the labour market of the most post-industrial cities yields high labour demand for lower-educated urbanites (polarisation thesis). It is furthermore found that lower-educated natives in the former are more ethnocentric than in the latter. However, contrary to what is often claimed in urban studies and the social sciences at large, this proves not to be driven by job scarcity in the least post-industrial cities. The article concludes with suggestions on what might be responsible for this finding. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/20105/ 2010-12-31T00:00:00Z In this article we assess the consequences of the transition to post-industrial urban economy for labour demand and ethnocentrism in the 22 Dutch urban agglomerations. Using municipal-level data as well as surveys, we show that the labour market of the least post-industrial cities yields low labour demand for lower-educated urbanites (upgrading/professionalisation thesis), while the labour market of the most post-industrial cities yields high labour demand for lower-educated urbanites (polarisation thesis). It is furthermore found that lower-educated natives in the former are more ethnocentric than in the latter. However, contrary to what is often claimed in urban studies and the social sciences at large, this proves not to be driven by job scarcity in the least post-industrial cities. The article concludes with suggestions on what might be responsible for this finding. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/20190/ 2010-08-01T00:00:00Z We address the influence of both the ethnic composition of the neighborhood and the ethnicity of individual residents on moving out of neighborhoods in the Netherlands. Using the Housing Research Netherlands survey and multinomial logistic regression analyses of moving out versus not moving or moving within the neighborhood, we found that ethnicity at the individual level was not of much importance for moving out. The combination of ethnicity at the individual level and the neighborhood level, however, appeared to be a rather important explanation of geographical mobility. Ethnic minorities are more likely than native Dutch to move within neighborhoods, and less likely to move away from them, as the share of non-western minorities in those neighborhoods increases. Native Dutch move away more frequently than ethnic minorities as the share of non-western ethnic minorities in neighborhoods is greater. These results suggest ethnic enclave formation or place stratification in the Netherlands. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/19944/ 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z Recent criminological literature, mainly based on experiences in the United States and the United Kingdom, suggests that Western societies have witnessed a shift from rehabilitation to repression and from inclusion to exclusion. However, in a socio-historical case study of national and local policies dealing with Travellers in the Netherlands - a group regarded as highly deviant - we found that rehabilitation remains the primary aim, albeit that the policy of rehabilitation recently has taken on a much more compulsory character. This policy can be conceived of as a practice of 'repressive inclusion'. Only detailed and empirical research on policies directed at strategically chosen groups in different institutional settings can decide whether this policy of repressive inclusion is a specific Dutch experience or has a more general application. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/33026/ 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/17344/ 2009-12-01T00:00:00Z In this article, an assessment is made of the consequences of globalisation for urban wage inequality. Using data on employers in the Dutch cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam, it is shown that simply equating global city formation with globalisation, when it comes to urban wage inequality—which is the common research practice in urban studies—leads to a blind spot for the impact of international competition, falsely equates economic restructuring with globalisation and strongly overrates the impact of globalisation on the urban wage structure. Global city formation does not lead to polarising tendencies, while exposure to international competition leads to upgrading tendencies. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/17986/ 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/22363/ 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Garlands invloedrijke theorie helpt om beleid ten aanzien van woonwagenbewoners te analyseren. Maar een studie van beleidsveranderingen in Dordrecht laat ook zien dat Garlands theorie op een aantal punten moet worden herzien. Anders dan hij voorspelt, probeert de overheid niet alleen met de harde aanpak deviante groepen in het gareel te krijgen. In Dordrecht wordt sinds de jaren negentig veel meer gebruikgemaakt van pragmatische preventie en die strategie is veel effectiever dan repressie. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/12185/ 2008-04-17T00:00:00Z Analyzing the social consequences of globalization in cities based on global city theory is therefore not only obscuring a core feature of globalization as international competition, but also overstates the social consequences of globalization for many workers in cities in the advanced economies. After all, as argued before, economic restructuring in cities with the advanced economies is largely driven by local and national processes instead of international or global ones. Our findings indicate that even in the global age, local geographical, institutional and historical idiosyncrasies of individual cities seem to be decisive in understanding their socio-economic structure (cf. Smith, 2001). http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/16389/ 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z One of the key arguments in the grand narratives on globalization is that of time-space compression. Reflecting the discussion on the relations between globalization and inequality, this chapter argues that the most important local effect of the immensely increased mobility has been a process of fragmentation of cities. The chapter will focus on an empirical background on the changing international division of labour, which caused the deindustrialization of the advanced economies and consequently put the Keynesian welfare-state under heavy pressure; the spectacular growth in and use of communications technology, especially the internet; and the rapidly growing international mobility of people, both in the form of long distance migration and of international tourism. The chapter will elaborate the notion of the fragmentation of cities, using illustrations from the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/23019/ 2007-11-01T00:00:00Z In this paper, the issue of changing labour-market opportunities and the position of members of minority groups in advanced service economies is addressed, focusing on the Dutch case. We distinguish between two social hierarchies, one of traditional ‘fordist’ occupations and one of post-fordist occupations. Compared to the native Dutch, all immigrant groups are over-represented at the bottom of the labour market, both in the fordist and in the postindustrial hierarchy. Increased immigrant labour-market participation in the 1990s was accompanied by a strong rise in the number of flexible labour contracts. Native Dutch also work more frequently on flexible labour contracts, but not to the same extent as immigrants. The lower occupational level of the Surinamese, Antilleans and other non-Western immigrants employed in post-industrial occupations can be attributed to their low educational level. This is not true, however, for Turks, Moroccans and other non-Western immigrants employed in fordist occupations. Their low occupational level can not be completely explained by their low educational level. The effects of changes in the economic structure differ for ethnic groups, depending on their past employment, their cultural capital and the institutional framework in which they have to operate. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/15164/ 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z De sociale gevolgen van mondialisering zijn zonder twijfel een van de meest bediscussieerde onderwerpen in de sociale wetenschappen gedurende de afgelopen decennia (vgl. Burgers, 2006a en b; Wilterdink, 2006). En het ziet er niet naar uit dat dit in de nabije toekomst zal veranderen want dit thema is een belangrijke plaats toebedacht op de sociologische onderzoeksagenda (vgl. Engbersen & De Haan, 2006). Dat is ook niet zo vreemd, want ondanks de enorme aandacht die mondialisering alweer geruime tijd krijgt, is het nog lang niet duidelijk welke nu precies de gevolgen ervan zijn. Daar zijn minstens twee redenen voor aan te geven. De eerste is dat hoewel – of misschien juist wel omdat – het begrip zich in een grote belangstelling mag verheugen, het doorgaans weinig precies wordt ingevuld waardoor er zowat alles mee in verband kan worden gebracht. Een sprekend voorbeeld hiervan vinden we bij Bauman (1998), die er op wijst dat het bij ‘mondialisering’ om een vaag en inflatoir begrip gaat, maar daar zelf niet veel verandering in brengt door er de wel erg algemene inhoud van ‘time-space compression’2 aan te geven (Bauman, 1998: 2). Vervolgens verbindt hij er dan een veelheid van – zonder uitzondering vaak als negatief ervaren – verschijnselen mee, variërend van illegale migratie, het opsluiten van grote delen van de onderklasse tot het ontstaan van ‘gated communities’. 2 De tweede reden is, dat mondialisering geen eendimensionaal verschijnsel is, maar verschillende facetten kent. Waar er bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van de economie duidelijke manifestaties zijn van mondialisering of op z’n minst van voortgaande geografische schaalvergroting, is het veel minder duidelijk of dat ook geldt in politiek en cultureel opzicht (vgl. Held & McGrew, 2002). Wordt de rol van nationale staten minder belangrijk, of verandert die alleen maar van aard zonder aan belang in te boeten (vgl. Sassen, 2006c)? Eroderen lokale culturen als gevolg van mondialisering of worden zij juist versterkt door de beschikbaarheid van nieuwe technologieën die deze culturen meer en intensiever kunnen reproduceren? Afhankelijk van het aspect dat bekeken wordt, kunnen er vele maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen mee verbonden worden. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/17343/ 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Op het terrein van de stadsstudies woedt al geruime tijd een discussie over de sociale gevolgen van internationalisering van grootstedelijke economieën. Die discussie is vooral aangezwengeld door Saskia Sassens theorie over global cities waarin zij poneert dat mondialisering tot polarisering van stedelijke arbeidsmarkten leidt. Polarisering is echter vooral het gevolg van economische structuurveranderingen en die worden niet door mondialisering veroorzaakt. Toenemende internationale concurrentie leidt in westerse steden niet tot polarisering maar tot upgrading van lokale arbeidsmarkten. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/15832/ 2000-05-05T00:00:00Z http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/18498/ 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z Om gezette tijden ontstaat er in Nederland bezorgdheid over de integratie van migranten. De laatste keer gebeurde dat naar aanleiding van de stelling van publicist Paul Scheffer dat de opvang en integratie van migranten en minderheden in Nederland een heus "drama" dreigt te worden. Scheffer spreekt van het achterblijven van hele generaties allochtonen en de vorming van een etnische onderklasse.