Gowing, W.

trabecular core trabecular vertebrae osteoporotic vertebrae fracture element osteoporotic shell trabecular bone model osteopenic contribution fi nite-element models value osteopenic vertebrae midtransverse region amount effect osteoporosis strain material density trabecular bmd figure spine strength study nite-element degeneration vertebra decrease 5000 ␮ strain load transfer midtransverse fracture risk nucleus region sensitivity intervertebral difference load distribution intervertebral disc distribution stress endplate signi trabecular core elements osteoporosis • homminga 60 mg /cm group disc degeneration bone elements intervertebral discs density values modulu result ficant signi ficant analysis donor percentage transfer change biomech figure 5 b trabecular bone material 100 mg /cm anulus fi brosus j bone netherland bmd values shift trabecular bmd values hayes wc ● disc degeneration nucleus pulposus elements mosekilde signi ficant differences author tissue