Madretsma, G.S.

nicotine effect disease bowel disease receptor production glucocorticoid bowel smoking study patient coliti treatment blood cytokine chapter inhibition response cigarette il -2 system mediator concentration corticosteroids level factor cigarette smoking cytokine production inflammation result gastroenterology tumor necrosis factor smoke crohn plasma smoker binding number mucosa lymphocytes exposure side effects interleukin tumor non-adherent release madretsma prednisolone mechanism action non-adherent mnc cigarette smoke antagonist resistance control synthesis experiment anti-inflammatory necrosis anti-inflammatory effects wilson rhodes j research transdermal nicotine patch therapy zijlstra function cortisol tobacco vivo effect figure antibody tobacco smoke increase tnfa production presence incidence corticosteroid transdermal