Nghiem, L.T.

household income labour force share labour diversification education education share poverty percent number income diversification force activity change increase +b males +b females consumption level variable employment group pattern effect source member chapter vietnam sample table expenditure female wage employment price period point panel characteristic estimate self-employment access determinant quintile percentage income sources farming reduction resource non-farming capital farm size .000 time-allocation patterns policy 1 percent level production analysis study non-farming activities farm self-employment enterprise factor movement value survey trend time-allocation poverty reduction minority development reardon growth model information worker wage employment coef household consumption section country