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price production ficiency input function analysis approach assumption output ef ficiency error ciency journal netput measure efficiency information fi rms research price information vector kuosmanen technology model problem example value distribution ficient level data envelopment analysis condition distance index sample section e ciency speci frontier convexity application statistic productivity theory fisher nonparametric theorem observation varian cost e ciency congestion envelopment addition price domain reference noise uncertainty power noise level malmquist estimate fit ef ficiency programming variable speci fically table variance hypothesis farrell european approximation measurement shadow prices domain / journal paper shadow result number fication
