http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/3344/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38990/ 2012-12-07T00:00:00Z Preclinical vaccine efficacy studies are generally limited to certain read out parameters such as assessment of virus titers in swabs and organs, clinical signs, serum antibody titers, and pathological changes. These parameters are not always routinely applied and not always scheduled in a logical standardized way. We used computed tomography (CT) imaging as additional and novel read out parameter in a vaccine efficacy study by quantifying alterations in aerated lung volumes in ferrets challenged with the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus. Vaccination protected from marked variations in aerated lung volumes compared to naive controls. The vaccinated group showed a daily gradual mean reduction with a maximum of 7.8%, whereas the controls showed a maximum of 14.3% reduction. The pulmonary opacities evident on CT images were most pronounced in the placebo-treated controls, and corresponded to significantly increased relative lung weights at necropsy. This study shows that consecutive in vivo CT imaging allows for a day to day read out of vaccine efficacy by quantification of altered aerated lung volumes. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/3425/ 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z An inhibition enzyme immunoassay (IEIA), using a human monoclonal antibody (K14) reactive with gp41 of HIV-1, was evaluated for its applicability to the serology of HIV-1 infections. Using panels of serum samples from seronegative and confirmed HIV-1-seropositive individuals, it was shown that all the HIV-1-positive samples in a panel from The Netherlands and 97% of the HIV-1-positive samples from Tanzania were identified by this IEIA. Six per cent of the IEIA-positive samples from Tanzania could not be confirmed in other assays. Testing of serial dilutions of serum samples from African individuals with confirmed HIV-1, HIV-2 or HIV(ANI70) infections in the K14 IEIA, indicated that a HIV-1-specific assay based on this principle may be developed. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/3325/ 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z Five asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive ; male homosexuals were immunized with the recall antigens tetanus toxoid (TT) and the three types of poliovirus present in diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccine. Four weeks after immunization, the in vivo response to booster immunization, the in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG secretion, and the in vitro T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigen-induced antibody response were assayed. Increase in serum antibody titer to TT and poliovirus was low and normal, respectively. In all five subjects studied, a high rate of spontaneous IgG production, including antibodies directed toward HIV was observed. Addition of PWM to the cultures induced suppression of the spontaneous IgG secretion. Only one donor showed a slightly increased IgG production after stimulation with PWM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four of the five HIV-seropositive individuals did not produce TT, or poliovirus-specific antibodies when stimulated with the respective T cell-dependent antigens. However, stimulation of these peripheral blood mononuclear cells with TT coupled to agarose beads, which was shown to be T cell-independent, resulted in the generation of IgG anti-TT antibody-forming cells.