Christiaens, C.G.M.L.

antiepileptic drugs antiepileptic abnormality valproate study epilepsy pregnancy caffeine combination antiepileptic drug regimens phenobarbital carbamazepine defect offspring dose –response relationship monotherapy regimen bifida spina women patient spina bifida aperta polytherapy hypospadia control phenytoin hospital effect heart heart defects children exposure trimester table 0/0 spina bifida malformations neurology vol 46 group mother 0/1 cleft relationship nonepileptic controls aperta phenytoin monotherapy antiepileptic drug use delivery teratogenic nonepileptic university association lindhout polytherapy regimens neurology valproate ϯ –response polydactyly child samren therapy abnormalities /total nau h 1/1 los fj erasmus university rotterdam dam m valproate monotherapy raven press phenobarbital monotherapy caffeine comedication potentiating effect netherland valproate ϩ carbamazepine heart defect seizure number antiepileptic drug combinations retrospective cohort study meinardi h