http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/3700/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/2678/ 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z In this article, we describe a study in which some current ideas about illness scripts are tested. Participants at 4 levels of medical expertise were asked to describe either a prototypical patient or the clinical picture associated with a number of different diseases. It was found that participants at intermediate levels of expertise mentioned, both absolutely and relatively, many enabling conditions (patient contextual factors such as sex, age, medical history, and occupation) when asked to describe a prototypical patient with a disease, whereas the instruction to describe the clinical picture of a disease revealed a monotonic relation with expertise level. The amount of biomedical information in the descriptions decreased with increasing expertise level for both types of instruction. In addition, a positive relation was found between number of actual patients seen with a particular disease and number of enabling conditions mentioned. These results were interpreted as supportive of the present conceptualization of the illness script theory. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/2683/ 1996-05-01T00:00:00Z The present study investigated the influence of medical expertise, case typicality, and illness script component (enabling conditions vs. consequences) on the speed of case information processing and subjective disease probabilities. It was hypothesized that expert subjects would process case information faster than nonexpert subjects, that typical information would be processed faster than atypical information, and that an interaction would be found between expertise level, typicality, and illness script: Experts were expected to be sensitive to typicality of both illness script components, while advanced students would be sensitive only to typicality of consequences. This sensitivity would also be reflected in assigned probability estimates. The data supported the predictions concerning the effects of expertise level and typicality; it was also found that expert physicians are particularly sensitive to a combination of prototypical enabling conditions and prototypical consequences. Implications of these results for the illness script theory are discussed. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/2691/ 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z How does the knowledge of the medical student, clerk, intern, and registrar develop and how do formal and informal, classroom and experiential learning contribute to this process? These questions were investigated in two experiments, focusing on knowledge restructuring rather than knowledge acquisition. The experiments showed that practical experience plays an important role in knowledge restructuring. The process was, however, not as continuous as was expected. Notably, advanced students appeared to have considerable knowledge about conditions in patients and their environments that can predispose to disease. However, they rarely applied it in clinical reasoning. Contrary to what was found in expert physicians, advanced students' knowledge about enabling conditions seems not yet to be integrated into their other knowledge about diseases. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/2715/ 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/2768/ 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z