Clark, P.

european centre metropole century european metropoles service european metropolis winners europe globalisation growth nordic countries development problem nordic european metropolis west european cities world war country metropolis world policy winner sector helsinki governance decline trend loser success instance demand system opera houses point infrastructure periphery mediterranean metropoles tourism service sector participation rates globalisation theorists london uk cities losers 4 business west european centres council world premier league henk van dijk challenge west european metropoles population european science foundation segregation immigration company stockholm council control france period west german cities early-start manufacturing authority century population trends mediterranean economy stockholm paper resource decentralisation factor theorist impact comparison nordic cities planning urbanisation experience periphery cities mediterranean region westyern europe place functions peasant movement