http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/4761/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/1024/ 2003-11-07T00:00:00Z The aim of this article is the study of Lisbon from the time its legal boundaries were enlarged in 1903, until the creation of the Lisbon Metropolitan area in August 1991. The making of urban population is the subject of the second part of this text. In this part we emphasise the regional origins of the majority of the Lisbon population. Only in the 1970-ties the immigration of sub-Sahara Africans became of some significance. The transport networks and the lack of control of the urban expansion in a context of poor public investment are the subject of the third part. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/1322/ 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z The aim of this article is to make a comparative study of the history of European ports during the last two centuries showing their complexity and specific characteristics. Whereas during the process of waterfront development, local governments emphasize the relationship of ports with sailing ships as a marketing instrument, the industrial history of those ports are mostly neglected. This article focuses on the industrial port, showing differences in the chronology of construction and in their urban impact. Hinterland and inland transportation were responsible for a part of those differences, as well as geographical and political circumstances. However, social aspects as well as technological issues showed comparable evolutions. The decline of the industrial port city is a part of the general process of de-industrialization of Europe, but it has its own specific features. At least it is clear that the development of port cities during the last two centuries is far more complex than some stage theories about port development assume.