Wijst, N. van der

change factor performance instrument sensitivity risk factors level risk factor model interest rate interest factor change influence research paper journal / european journal ........... decision probability density function n g e modelling probability vermeulen price function example .......... nancial management factor changes european ......... section b l t time t value multi-factor approach analysis multi-factor approach ........ erasmus university rotterdam t h e expression spronk density nancial modelling flexibility instruments increase picture characteristic flexibility consequence ............ product meeting l f t option b e t decision maker firm characteristics transformation instruments issue 173-184 relation problem transformation ....... measure fraud stock f instruments performance measures decrease uncertainty accounting fraud feature issues trade-off feature