Cavelaars, A.E.J.M.

country health inequality difference study morbidity smoking risk factors survey group mortality women level disease factor income class result indicator european european countries netherland health inequalities sweden prevalence britain height comparison germany ratio pattern problem population disease mortality variation france condition status education finland alcohol consumption consumption table odds ratios kunst alcohol spain socia-economic gradient europe estimate morbidity indicators scandinavian countries heart inequality estimates denmark italy effect norway worker question position west germany comparability self-reported morbidity switzerland mackenbach jp self-reported mackenbach health differences association person odds ratio prevalence rates cigarette research university number portugal measure