Kramarz, F.

worker wage cost change effect employment increase rmict group subsidy | min decrease tax subsidies table labor wage costs wage distribution analysis figure model estimate distribution transition impact probability rmict +1 control group non-employment +1| payroll category control year t entry kramarz france elasticity coefficient year t +1 labor force survey evidence payroll taxes error university survey result wage increase population transition probabilities market payroll tax subsidies wage cost increases employment probability contract years 1990 ratio min.cost enqu emploi period labor costs insee difference couple paper wage workers /minimum study state indicator 1.33 times research 1.1 abowd 0.03 substitution wage cost decreases job loss probability notice benefit framework rmic t +1