Hoogenveen, R.T.

disease health smoking model mortality intervention exacerbation patient study cessation scenario health care costs effect prevalence incidence severity number function smoker result table distribution population stage health policy model transition estimate increase lung function copd patients class life years state netherland probability value ratio smoking cessation cost-effectiveness dutch figure policy mortality rates intervention costs practice decline smoking cessation interventions parameter factor analysis period exacerbation frequency analyses severity stage sensitivity implementation change time horizon smoking class trial death reimbursement difference frequency cancer saving horizon sensitivity analyses base-case women gender severity distribution van baal reference case fatality risk factors effectiveness weight heart uncertainty