Differences in cartilage-forming capacity of expanded human chondrocytes from ear and nose and their gene expression profiles (Article)

2011-08-22T00:00:00Z

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of culture-expanded human auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes as cell source for regeneration of stable cartilage and to analyze the differences in gene expression profile of expanded chondrocytes from these specific locations. Auricular chondrocytes in monolayer proliferated less and more slowly (two passages took 26.7 ±2.1 days and were reached in 4.37 ±0.30 population doublings) than nasoseptal chondrocytes (19.3 ±2.5 days; 5.45 ±0.20 population doublings). However, auricular chondrocytes produced larger pellets with more cartilage-like matrix than nasoseptal chondrocytes (2.2 ±0.71 vs. 1.7 ±0.13 mm in diameter after 35 days of culture). Although the matrix formed by auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes contained collagen X, it did not mineralize in an in vitro model or after in vivo subcutaneous implantation. A DNA microarray study on expanded auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes from the same donors revealed 1,090 differentially expressed genes. No difference was observed in the expression of known markers of chondrogenic capacity (e.g., collagen II, FGFR3, BMP2, and ALK1). The most striking differences were that the auricular chondrocytes had a higher expression of anabolic growth factors BMP5 and IGF1, while matrix-degrading enzymes MMP13 and ADAMTS5 were higher expressed in nasoseptal chondrocytes. This might offer a possible explanation for the observed higher matrix production by auricular chondrocytes. Moreover, chondrocytes isolated from auricular or nasoseptal cartilage had specific gene expression profiles even after expansion. These differently expressed genes were not restricted to known characterization of donor site subtype (e.g., elastic), but were also related to developmental processes.

Indices from flow-volume curves in relation to cephalometric, ENT- and sleep-O2 saturation variables in snorers with and without obstructive sleep-apnoea (Article)

1995-01-01T00:00:00Z

In a group of 37 heavy snorers with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA, Group 1) and a group of 23 heavy snorers without OSA (Group 2) cephalometric indices, ENT indices related to upper airway collapsibility, and nocturnal O2 desaturation indices were related to variables from maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume (MEFV and MIFV) curves. The cephalometric indices used were the length and diameter of the soft palate (spl and spd), the shortest distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone (mph) and the posterior airway space (pas). Collapsibility of the upper airways was observed at the level of the tongue base and soft palate by fibroscopy during a Muller manoeuvre (mtb and msp) and ranked on a five point scale. Sleep indices measured were the mean number of oxygen desaturations of more than 3% per hour preceded by an apnoea or hypopnoea of more than 10 s (desaturation index), maximal sleep oxygen desaturation, baseline arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) and, in the OSA group, percentage of sleep time with Sa,O2 < 90%. The variables obtained from the flow-volume curves were the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory and inspiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 and FIV1), peak expiratory and peak inspiratory flows (PEF and PIF), and maximal flow after expiring 50% of the FVC (MEF50). The mean of the flow-volume variables, influenced by upper airway aperture (PEF, FIV1) was significantly greater than predicted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Poublon, R.M.L.

Differences in cartilage-forming capacity of expanded human chondrocytes from ear and nose and their gene expression profiles (Article)

Indices from flow-volume curves in relation to cephalometric, ENT- and sleep-O2 saturation variables in snorers with and without obstructive sleep-apnoea (Article)