Van de Poel, E.

health household community effect mortality inequality country index child population level urbanization difference malnutrition table children world stunting rural-urban infant factor determinant infant mortality result urbanicity index concentration index urbanicity contribution distribution concentration health care wealth model variable education china birth decomposition income rural-urban gap survey characteristic group study status analysis heterogeneity covariate health care use journal treatment reference hypertension sample measure indicator region inequity paper development disparity ratio child mortality community characteristics world health organization quintile condition growth ghana increase water mother policy probability individual number service signi 0.03 disease