Groenfeld, L.E.

tumor patient cancer bladder bladder cancer marker analysis chromosome mutation cluster figure allele cluster analysis evolution model instability alteration recombination mitotic recombination fgfr 3 gene 15 tumors stage number order syndrome process genomic instability event result genomic fgfr 3 mutation clonal genetic genotype bladder tumors natl acad nature recurrence tumor l development microsatellite genet subclone patient 61 figure 2 carcinoma genomic alterations instance cancer cell subclones region figure 2 b loh events chromosome 9 q relationship grade bladder cancer pathogenesis cluster data tumor cells patient 22 barrett ratio extent 11 patients mitotic heterozygosity material allele loss dendrogram color microsatellite instability genes chromosomes cancer relation tumor i tumor evolution process tumor subclones finding branch damage tumorigenesi bloom