http://repub.eur.nl/res/aut/9490/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/3472/ 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Monoclonal antibody (MAb) preparations specific for the enteric adenoviruses of subgenus F (AdF) were generated and evaluated as typing reagents in virus neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A panel of 11 genome types of adenovirus 40 (Ad40), 24 genome types of Ad41, and 47 adenovirus prototype strains was used to determine the specificities of the MAbs in the two assays. In this way two MAbs, MAb 40-1 (anti-Ad40) and MAb 41-1 (anti-Ad41) were selected. These two MAbs showed strict type specificity in both assays. A third MAb reacted in an ELISA with all 47 human adenovirus types. With two other MAbs, three antigenic subtypes of Ad41 could be distinguished by their reactivities in virus neutralization tests and ELISAs. On the basis of the five selected MAbs, a sensitive ELISA system was developed for the direct detection and simultaneous typing and subtyping of Ad40 and Ad41 present in stool specimens. The five MAbs were also used to study the epidemiology of infections with Ad40 and Ad41 in The Netherlands in the period 1981 through 1989. It was shown that there were no significant fluctuations in the annual incidence of the cluster of enteric adenoviruses as a whole. This cluster should therefore be considered to belong to the "endemic" rather than the "epidemic" adenoviruses. The relative incidence of Ad40 infections compared with that of Ad41 infections changed considerably during the period studied; the proportion of Ad41 infections rose from about 30% in 1981 to about 95% in 1986, after which it stabilized at 90 to 95%. The proportion of one of the subtypes of Ad41 (Ad41 subtype M3) increased from about 40 to 80% in the same period. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/3357/ 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z The DNA of 48 strains of adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) and of 128 strains of adenovirus type 41 (Ad41), isolated between 1971 and 1986 from various countries, was characterized by restriction enzyme analysis using nine and ten restriction endonucleases respectively. Five new DNA variants of Ad40 and 18 new DNA variants of Ad41 were detected. Most of the restriction sites which differed among the various DNA variants appeared to be distributed at random over the entire length of the viral genomes of the two serotypes. The number of restriction sites by which two DNA variants differed from each other was used as a measure of their relatedness. Several clusters of closely related DNA variants were observed for each of the two serotypes. The 35 DNA variants of Ad40 and Ad41 were used to test monoclonal antibody preparations for their range of reactivity in a neutralization assay. One monoclonal antibody (5-8), raised against Ad40 strain Dugan, showed type-specific neutralization of all 11 Ad40 DNA variants tested. Six monoclonal antibodies, raised against Ad41 strain Tak, neutralized different proportions of the variants of Ad41. Two of these preparations (1-21 and 3-19) neutralized all 24 Ad41 DNA variants, while a third (1-23) reacted with only 12 Ad41 variants. Three other monoclonal antibody preparations (3-10, 3-18, 7-14) reacted specifically with only 6 of these 12 variants. The patterns of reactivity with the monoclonal antibody preparations correlated with the presence or absence of a HindIII restriction site at 56 map units and of an EcoRI restriction site at 52 map units on the Ad41 DNA. This region of the adenovirus DNA codes for the hexon protein, which is known to contain the type-specific neutralizing antigenic determinants.