http://repub.eur.nl/res/col/9740/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32802/ 2012-06-30T00:00:00Z This book is written in commemoration of Karel Jansen. It was originally planned as a Liber Amicorum for his retirement in 2011 to honour a valued and productive colleague, teacher and researcher. After Karel’s sudden death the contributors decided to do just that and go on with the production of this volume of short essays. The essays in combination provide a good picture of the topics in which Karel was involved during his career at ISS that started in 1975. Bergeijk, P.A.G. van Geen, A. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32171/ 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z Debates about the effects of the 'cultural nationalism' that has accompanied the so-called 'Third Chimurenga' in Zimbabwe since 2000, often portray youth as pawns of officials - for example, as national youth service trainees or as government sponsored artists - rather than as among the worst affected by recent developmental crises, who are struggling against the odds to survive. Yet concern about youth restlessness did, in part, lead to policies, such as the requirement of '75 per cent local content' for public broadcasters, which created opportunities for youth action and led, in turn, to the development of a new musical style known as 'urban grooves'. However, in 2007, Zimbabwean public radio and television banned the airplay of certain 'urban grooves' songs because of their unsavoury lyrics. In this article I analyse the lyrics of these songs in order to argue that together, the songs' lyrics, and their ban fromairtime, point to emergent intergenerational tensions. Some of these tensions revolve around emerging forms, uses andmeanings of vernacular languages. Whereas the 75 per cent local content policy imposed by the government in 2001 envisaged an anti-imperialist popular culture through the use of vernacular languages and local media products, youths used vernacular languages to highlight intergenerational sex differences in heterosexual behaviour. They used street language not ordinarily accessible to adults, to deliver an incisive critique of adult sexual excesses. As observed elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, not only do the banned songs provide an insight into youth subjectivities amidst the social contradictions of Zimbabwe's socio-economic and political crises, they also illustrate how popular music can be a form of civic participation. Mate, R. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34852/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, A. Rustagi, P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32911/ 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z At a time of constant change in the diplomatic and political debate, Imagining a Shared Future: Perspectives on Law, Conflict and Economic Development in the Middle East contributes to the discussion and development of solutions to the stagnating economic situation in Palestine. All too often economic aspects of the development of this region, and their role in building a sustainable future, are ignored or considered in sectoral or thematic isolation. Imagining a Shared Future: Perspectives on Law, Conflict and Economic Development in the Middle East brings together a variety of papers from multiple disciplines, written by experts from the region and beyond, with a view to breaking some of this isolated thinking. From the longstanding question of the return of refugees, to the treatment of the Bedouin population of Israel, to the concept of spacio-cide and the destruction of land and land rights, this compilation offers the reader the opportunity to reconsider issues with new insights and face some of the challenges that must be met in the move for reform and development. Imagining a Shared Future: Perspectives on Law, Conflict and Economic Development in the Middle East not only provides original analyses and ideas about Israeli, Palestinian and international legislation and actors, investment, funding, and particular economic sectors, but also considers how more subtle issues such as limited legal frameworks or misuse of legislation and tax regimes, all create obstacles to economic development and a sustainable future. Imagining a Shared Future: Perspectives on Law, Conflict and Economic Development in the Middle East should be read by policy makers, scholars, economists, activists and businessmen, particularly those interested in economic development in the Middle East, but also by anyone wanting a deeper understanding of the realities and obstacles arising out of the Israeli Occupation of the Palestinian Territories which block economic development, a sustainable future, and an end to conflict Handmaker, J.D. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34768/ 2011-09-19T00:00:00Z Abstract: For decades, Sri Lanka has been a laboratory for research and scholarship on ethnic conflict, liberal peacebuilding and civil war. Methodologically, this pre-war academic work laments the risks of applying simplified “episode based approaches” and narrow theoretical frameworks leading to adventurous interventions with meager appreciation of the complexities of state-society relations. Although this has contributed significantly to a better understanding of the conflict, most of the resultant explanations have, in the aftermath of the official (or rather military) ending of the civil war in May 2009, become largely questionable. This paper relies upon materials collected during fieldwork during the first quarter of 2009 and 2011. In it, I explore the relevant state-in-society dynamics that have contributed to the co-existence of negative and positive peace, limited war and total war and to assess the capacities for violent conflict reproduction during the period from 1994 to 2009. In this period, using a Clausewitzian (1780-1831) problematique, I disentangle the political shifts, repositioning of public opinions and various policy measures implemented to address conflict, war and peace, and to explicate possible trajectories of state transformation and state building. This paper shows that in Sri Lanka, war, peace and violent conflict are in essence a “continuation of domestic politics by other means” and “triumph of the hegemony of the right” at local and global levels. Specifically, post-civil war Sri Lanka harbors an enormous potential for violent social conflict reproduction that will influence the future state building process and trajectories of state transformation. This paper suggests that these processes will be ignited by a domestic politics dominated by long standing factionalism within the ruling class that uses conflict, war and peace as instruments to sustain their hegemony, for obscuring their lack of political legitimacy and their fear of responding to the country’s deep democratic deficit. Jayasundara-Smits, S.M.S. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34864/ 2011-09-19T00:00:00Z Bihar has a rich history of out-migration from the state which goes back to as early as the 19th Century. However, in the last few decades, migration for work has increased manifold. The sheer scale of out-migration in contemporary Bihar is astounding. At any given point of time, as many almost one-half of the total working men are absent from the state, working elsewhere in urban and rural centres in the country and abroad. Migration from the state is essentially male and is embedded in the lives and life choices of the people. It is not just a livelihood strategy, but a way of life in rural Bihar. While there is considerable research that studies the nature and pattern of migration from Bihar, profile of migrant workers, migration destination and other such correlates of a migrant’s life outside the village, there is sparse literature on the impact of this migration on people, especially women who are left behind in the village. Many research questions remain unanswered. How are institutions such as caste and patriarchy in the village affected by male migration? How does male migration influence women’s well being and agency? Does migration have an effect on women’s mobility? Does it empower or disempower women left behind? What role does technology such as mobile phones play in communicating and staying in touch with migrant family members? What impact does this have on the women left behind in villages? This paper engages with the questions raised above and it aims to study and analyse the impact of male migration on women who are left behind in rural Bihar. It explores the various contours of continuity and change in women’s lives as a ramification of male migration. It specifically looks at the impact of migration on women’s work, both paid and unpaid; on their decision making in the household; on their mobility; on their involvement in managing money and access to credit. This empirical work is based on a survey of groups of women in 12 selected villages across 6 districts of north and south Bihar. A total of 88 groups of women across various castes (Upper castes, Other Backward Castes I & II, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) and socio-religious (Hindu, Upper Muslim, Lower Muslim) groups were surveyed. The paper is a part of a larger study, ‘Status of Women in Bihar: Exploring Transformation in Work and Gender Relations’ undertaken by the Institute for Human Development (IHD) and supported by the International Labour Organization to ascertain broad insights into the status of women in rural Bihar with a view to examine any signs of transformation in work and gender relations. Datta, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32930/ 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z The importance gained by transnationalism and growing attention for the development potential of migration have recently brought forward a new concern for the issue of return migration. Within this framework, return to the home country is understood as having an increasingly less permanent nature. Transnational movement itself is conceived as a form of return, and the debate on the migration-development nexus considers circulation to foster development as it enhances the flow of financial, social, and cultural capital to countries of origin. Seldom, however, has research taken into account the view of migrants themselves. What are their perceptions of transnationalism and return? Based on ethnographic research conducted among Senegalese migrants in the home country and in Italy, this paper demonstrates the existence, the logics, and functioning of a transmigrant movement made of people who are regular 'comers and goers' between Africa and Europe. I show, however, that in the view of these largely unskilled migrants, successful return is still associated with permanent return. This desire for definitive resettlement in the home society must nonetheless be compromised with aspirations for economic advancement and family obligations. Continually delayed, permanent return acquires the status of a myth. Sinatti, G. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34866/ 2011-02-01T00:00:00Z Datta, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32169/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Abstract. Since the 1960s, intermittent social conflicts in Nigeria appear mostly linked to ethnic groups’ differences. Considering the importance of regime change in social and political stability, this article critically analyses the historic and dynamic role of the core political executive elite in the political system’s stability. The article argues that ethnic politics persist in Nigeria based on the nature of interactions between political institutions, institution-builders, and society. It asserts a contradictory link between deep-rooted elite interests and popular preferences in ways that undermine orientations towards democracy. The empirical focus is on the composite nature of the core political executive elite analysed through their ethnic and educational backgrounds. It is observed that, although ethnic shocks are variously motivated, the atypical shape and inequity in power and role distribution at the highest levels of executive office-holding stand out as a salient source and target of antagonism by ethnic groups. This finding has a paradoxical implication: deep-seated economic and political interests of the elite play a diversionary role from the real causes of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria. Kifordu, H.A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34861/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/22024/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Abstract The Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness stipulates that broadly owned and results oriented national plans will be the basis for establishing national ownership and leadership of the aid process and for improving alignment and harmonization. In this sense, there is a close link between the Poverty Reduction Strategy approach and the Paris Agenda, both of which form part of the new aid paradigm that started around the year 2000. This paper assesses the actual progress in the implementation of the new aid paradigm in three Latin American countries: Bolivia, Honduras and Nicaragua. The results are disappointing. Frequent government changes and the composition of the donor group in the countries are partially responsible for the disappointing results, but the main conclusion is that the new aid paradigm is based on unrealistic expectations about the role that national poverty reduction or development plans can play in promoting the principles of the Paris Agenda. Dijkstra, A.G. Komives, K. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/22957/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Sinds de aanvaarding van de Universele Verklaring voor de Rechten van de Mens in 1948 heeft het internationale recht ten aanzien van mensenrechten een enorme vlucht genomen. Een gestaag groeiend aantal mondiale en regionale verdragen heeft sindsdien een lappendeken van mensenrechtenverplichtingen van staten bindend vastgelegd. Nederland is partij bij veel van die verdragen, inclusief bijvoorbeeld de Internationale Verdragen inzake Burger en Politieke Rechten en Economische, Sociale en Culturele Rechten, het Vrouwenrechtenverdrag, het Kinderrechtenverdrag, het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens en het Europees Sociaal Handvest. In sommige gevallen heeft Nederland de werking van bepaalde verdragsbepalingen uitgesloten door middel van een voorbehoud. Waar dat niet het geval is, dient Nederland de desbetreffende verdragsverplichtingen vanzelfsprekend volledig na te leven. Arts, C.J.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32453/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Introdução: Este capítulo trata de três microteorias que buscam explicar como ocorrem os contatos entre grupos: a teoria do conflito realístico, a teoria da privação relativa e a teoria da equidade. Elas são consideradas microteorias porque advêm de abordagens teóricas superiores: a categorização social e a identidade social, que serão apresentadas brevemente nesta introdução. ... Corradi, A.A. Alfinito, S. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39395/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z La tormenta del referéndum del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Estados Unidos y CAFTA-DR hasta hace poco se empieza a calmar, pero desde ya el siguiente gigante en el mundo del comercio global ya está tocando a la puerta de América Central. La Unión Europea y Centroamérica, como región, han iniciado en octubre de 2007 las negociaciones para firmar un Acuerdo de Asociación (AdA). Este AdA probablemente seguirá los pasos de otros acuerdos, tales como los de la UE y Chile, y la UE y México. Pero, ¿cómo encaja este AdA con la estrategia de comercio de la UE?, y ¿cómo sus condicionalidades se comparan con las de otros acuerdos dentro de las estructuras que la UE tiene establecidas, y que le dan a los países en desarrollo acceso a sus mercados? Este artículo se propone realizar un breve análisis del contexto en el cual el AdA es negociado, y lo compara con otras estructuras por medio de las cuales los países en desarrollo obtienen acceso al mercado de la UE, sobresaliendo los Acuerdos de Asociación Económica (EPAs) que los países en desarrollo de África, el Caribe y el Pacífico están negociando con la UE, y el Sistema Generalizado de Preferencia (SGP), el cual ha gobernado hasta ahora las relaciones comerciales entre el Istmo y la UE. Voorend, K. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32138/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Introduction: Ce manuel est produit dans le cadre de l’Initiative conjointe pour la Migration et le Développement (ICMD) de la Commission européenne et des Nations unies. Il s’agit d’un programme sur 4 ans d’un montant de 15 millions d’euros qui soutient les organisations à petite échelle dans leurs efforts concrets visant à établir un lien entre la migration et le développement. L’ICMD reflète la reconnaissance des liens étroits entre migration et développement et l’intérêt croissant qu’ils suscitent. Le Dialogue à Haut Niveau des Nations unies sur la Migration et le Développement en 2006 et les Forums mondiaux ultérieurs sur la Migration et le Développement ont souligné la contribution des migrants internationaux dans les pays d’origine et de destination. Sinatti, G. Alvarez Tinajero, S.P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32139/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Introduction: This handbook is produced in the framework of the European Commission- United Nations Joint Migration and Development Initiative (JMDI). It is a four-year, 15 million euro programme supporting small-scale organizations in their concrete efforts towards linking migration and development. The JMDI reflects the acceptance of and growing interest in the strong links between migration and development. The UN High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development in 2006 and the subsequent Global Fora on Migration and Development underscored international migrants’ contribution to origin and destination countries. Sinatti, G. Alvarez Tinajero, S.P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34865/ 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Bihar has a rich history of out-migration from the state, which goes back to as early as the nilieteenth century. However, during the last few decades, migration for work has increased manifold. The sheer scale of out-migration in contemporary Bihar is astounding. At any given point of time, as many as nearly one-half of the total number of working men are absent from the state, as they are working elsewhere in urban and rural centres in the country and abroad. Migration from the state is almost exclusively that of the male population and is embedded in the lives ana life choices of the people. It is not just a livelihood strategy but a way of life in rural Bihar. While there is considera_ble research on various aspects of migration including the nature and pattern of/nigrationfrom Bihar, the profile of migrant workers, migration destinations and other such correlates of a migrant's life outside the village, there is sparse literature on the impact of this migration on people, especially on the women who are left behind in the village. Many research questions remain unanswered. How are institutions such as patriarchy in the village affected by male_migration? How does male migration influence women's well-being and agency? Does migration have an effect on women's mobility? Does it empower or disempower the women who are left behind? What role does technology such as mobile phones play in enabling those left behind to communicate with their migrant family members? What impact does this have on the women left behind in the villages? Datta, A. Mishra, S.K. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/21688/ 2010-12-07T00:00:00Z O impacto do «ajudar a família» ainda hoje é frequentemente relativizado, embora estudos anteriores e os casos de vários jovens ilustrem os problemas associados, particularmente para a escolarização. O papel de vários actores no processo é analisado. A intervenção da EMM ajuda a devolver parte do futuro a estes jovens. Goulart, P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/22027/ 2010-10-14T00:00:00Z Abstract The Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness stipulates that broadly owned and results oriented national plans will be the basis for establishing national ownership and leadership of the aid process and for improving alignment and harmonization. In this sense, there is a close link between the Poverty Reduction Strategy approach and the Paris Agenda, both of which form part of the new aid paradigm that started around the year 2000. This paper assesses the actual progress in the implementation of the new aid paradigm in three Latin American countries: Bolivia, Honduras and Nicaragua. The results are disappointing. Frequent government changes and the composition of the donor group in the countries are partially responsible for the disappointing results, but the main conclusion is that the new aid paradigm is based on unrealistic expectations about the role that national poverty reduction or development plans can play in promoting the principles of the Paris Agenda. Dijkstra, A.G. Komives, K. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/21532/ 2010-10-01T00:00:00Z The South African energy debate is and will remain a heated one. Given South Africa’s history of racial inequality and contemporary concerns around sustainability, much of it rightly focuses on the links between energy, poverty and the environment. Yet,many contributions to the (mainstream)debate seem to have a somewhat one-sided focus that might hamper rather than stimulate the understanding of these links. They either display a strong technical, quantitative bias and/or lean towards rather simplistic ideas about policy processes and dynamics. The article argues that many of these analyses could benefit greatly from a critical focus on the political economy of energy: the political–economic power structures that influence both many energy policies and the issues of energy equality and sustainability. Two major global developments emphasise the importance of this focus: the recent financial crisis and South Africa’s role in the increasingly tense geopolitics of energy in Africa.The article concludes with some suggestions on how currently disparate political economies of energy could be better connected. Büscher, B.E.