http://repub.eur.nl/res/col/9742/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39184/ 2013-02-01T00:00:00Z Aid, Emerging Economies and Global Policies brengt de verschuiving van traditionele ontwikkelingshulp naar zogeheten ‘global public policies’ in kaart en probeert deze te duiden. De bijdragen in het derde deel in een serie over internationaal ontwikkelingsbeleid behandelen de opkomst van nieuwe wereldwijde beleidsvraagstukken en het belang van nieuwe donoren van ontwikkelingshulp. Met deze benadering is de bundel onderdeel van een gestaag groeiende stroom publicaties die de veranderingen in de wereld van het ontwikkelingsbeleid trachten te interpreteren. Hout, W. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38843/ 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Hintjens, H.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/40029/ 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Hout, W. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38551/ 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z This contribution uses the National Initiative for Human Development in Morocco as a case study to show the effects of 'inclusive' neoliberal local governance reforms on local state-society relations and the redeployment of state power. This initiative, launched by the king in 2005, is designed to improve socio-economic conditions in targeted poor areas through new participatory local governance mechanisms. The article argues, first, that these mechanisms in fact serve to strengthen the power of the appointed representatives of the Ministry of the Interior, especially at the province level, at the expense of local governments. Second, the findings show that by instrumentalizing local associations to access INDH funds, local councillors base their legitimacy increasingly on their renewed alliance with the king through the INDH and the clientelist relations it allows them to maintain, rather than on their status as political representatives. This contributes to the fragmentation and weakening of local (political) accountability. Bergh, S.I. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38553/ 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z The effects of neoliberal economic reforms in the Southern Mediterranean are now widely regarded as a main underlying cause of the Arab uprisings. An often neglected dimension is that of the reforms' implications for local governance. The contributions to this collection examine how state power is being re-articulated but also challenged at sub-national levels in Morocco, Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon and Turkey. They explore the effects of neoliberal economic and local governance reforms such as decentralization, public-private partnerships, and outsourcing in the area of public service delivery, poverty alleviation and labour market reforms on local patronage networks, public accountability and state-society relations. The findings show that such reforms are often subordinated to established patterns of political contestation among actors who seize on the opportunities that reforms offer to advance their political agendas. This introduction presents the key themes and findings, and the global and regional background on neoliberal theories, research and practice. Bergh, S.I. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38330/ 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z This article, covering the period 2003-2010, is concerned with those Iraqis whose asylum claims in the UK have been rejected in recent years and who have found 'nowhere to run'. A deterrence-based UK immigration regime has undermined many of their basic rights since the start of the war. And despite wide public knowledge about the dangers of return to Iraq, failed Iraqi asylum seekers are being made destitute, detained and even forcibly deported back to Iraq. From 2007 onwards, deportations on commercial and military flights increased, with deportees facing torture, disappearance and threats of violence upon their return. 'Deterrence' claims casualties in the UK, too, with Iraqis dying from homelessness, suicide, medical neglect and despair. Iraqi refugee organisations, the UNHCR and the European Court all call for an end to deportations to Iraq, yet the UK government refuses to listen. Hintjens, H.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/37172/ 2012-08-17T00:00:00Z The Secret History of Democracy is a volume that sets out to provide an understanding of experiences of ‘democracy’ that go beyond the standard Western interpretation of the origins and drivers of this political principle. In their introduction, editors Isakhan and Stockwell identify three ‘key factors’ that minimally define the presence of democracy: ‘‘a willingness to participate; an equality of access to information, free speech and voting; and the civic virtue required to appreciate the others’ arguments, to accept the rule of law and to be bound by the majority’’. On the basis of this definition of preconditions, the editors argue that ‘‘it is inconceivable that [democracy] has only occurred in the small collection of historical epochs with which it is usually associated’’. Hout, W. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/37292/ 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z University quality and its measurement have been strongly on the agenda of university policy since the 1980s. There is no consensus about what a good university is, but increasingly priority has been given to a narrow focus on contribution to supporting economic production and growth, as part of an economy-centred and market-centred conception of society. We argue that a human development approach is also very often relevant in educational policy and evaluation and can assist us to define and characterize a good university. From the following core values of human development—well-being, participation and empowerment, equity and diversity, and sustainability— we propose a list of dimensions for a human development orientation in research, teaching, social engagement and university governance, and then discuss the implications of these values and how they can be used in evaluation and steering of universities’ work. Boni, A. Gasper, D.R. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38499/ 2012-07-16T00:00:00Z An analysis of state responsibility in customary international law and the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion of 2004, as guided by the International Law Commission Draft Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts States are responsible for their breaches of international law. This memorandum provides a legal framework for advocacy aimed at holding States accountable to their legal obligations vis-à-vis the illegal Israeli settlements in the 1967 Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). Given the current context in which efforts are undertaken by many actors to end this illegal Israeli enterprise while the settlements continue to expand, the purpose of this memorandum is to raise awareness of the important implications of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion of 2004 and the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ILC Articles). Gassner, I.J. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32446/ 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z The paper assesses the rationale, contributions, structure, and challenges of the field of development ethics. Processes of social and economic transformation involve great risks and costs and great opportunities for gain, but the benefits, costs, and risks are typically hugely unevenly and inequitably distributed, as is participation in specifying what they are and their relative importance. The ethics of development examines the benefits, costs, risks, formulations, participation, and options. The paper outlines a series of ways of characterizing such work, arguments for and against its importance, and some of its major sources and contributions, especially from the interdisciplinary stream of work represented over several decades by Denis Goulet. Definitions are diverse since the work covers many different intersections of practice and theorizing, at multiple levels. The paper considers and replies to arguments against discussing development ethics: the claim that it involves only endless proliferation of different opinions, is an expensive luxury that undermines long-run development, is superfluous if one already works with the capability approach or the human rights tradition, or never has influence. Finally, it presents suggestions for how development ethics thinking can have increased impact, with reference to incorporation in policy analysis and planning methods, professional codes and training, and to its intellectual location and communication strategies. The field should articulate the methodological pragmatism which much of it has adopted, consistent with its required role as a practice-oriented interdisciplinary meeting ground. Gasper, D.R. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38331/ 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z This article traces the contours of the complex, often obscure administrative and governance arrangements that have framed relationships between the Caribbean Overseas Territories of the UK in recent years. Relations between the governments of Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands (BVI), Caymans, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos and the UK government in London have not always been smooth. From the 1970s onwards, it was assumed in Whitehall and Westminster that these territories would become independent. This absent-minded assumption reinforced a set of fragmented, and remarkably personalised, ad hoc governance arrangements, at least to the late 1990s. Little sense of post-colonial purpose or shared vision animated relations between Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) and UK governments. The 'bias for independence' has faded, however, as opposition to sovereignty being imposed was finally acknowledged by the New Labour government's White Paper of 1999. In 2009, the UK government even imposed direct rule on the Turks and Caicos Islands, following a corruption scandal that threatened the territory's economic and political future. We reflect on lessons of the past decade or so, contrasting UK-OCT governance arrangements to those in the comparable, yet also very distinct, neighbouring Dutch and French Caribbean territories. Overall, developments in governance arrangements indicate that whilst new 'contracts' are periodically forged between the UK and its Caribbean OCTs - something that appears to be true at EU-wide level also, for the Dutch and French Caribbean territories in their relations with the 'metropolis' - reform has been insufficient and incomplete. Hintjens, H.M. Hodge, D. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39406/ 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z How does China deal with the consequences of climate change and can we learn from that experience in Africa? Important external drivers in China such as rapid economic growth, urbanization, climate change and a growing awareness of environmental degradation have contributed to a shift in governance structures. The developments have contributed to a shift in governance structures. These developments have created enabling environment for famers to take more initiatives. Furthermore, the involvement of NGOs and CBOs in China and new opportunities for initiatives for farmers at the local level is coming up. An analysis of the multi-level governance structures in place shows the role of local government and governance structures and helps to assess to what extent the implementation of policies and programs is happening at the provincial or the local level. This research took place in the Lanchang River, where seasonal droughts have become more important recently. Dijk, M.P. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38490/ 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z Aim of the Project: (a) To study the experiences and best practices of successful women entrepreneurs from the Surinamese community (b) To examine the methods these women used to develop their enterprises, the challenges they faced and how they coped with them (c) To identify key practices that have helped them in their entrepreneurial activity (d) To suggest ways in which the local government could support such ventures. (e) To disseminate the outcomes of the study in Suriname to encourage entrepreneurial development for women in the country. This is a pilot study, which is both exploratory and informative. It reflects on the innovativeness of these women and the lessons that can be learnt from their experiences. It also serves as a basis for further research and appropriate policy development in the field of migrant entrepreneurship and women. Kurian, R. Kotte, C. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38429/ 2012-02-01T00:00:00Z Setting Setting Setting Setting thethethe scene scene How can the current wave of social protests be understood? Well, one thing that the Arab Spring, the London riots, the Chilean student revolt and the Occupy movement worldwide have in common is that they are not run by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or ‘aided’ civil society groups dedicated to justice for people and planet. Their driving force seems to originate from people’s energy and imagination of a different future that is not determined by ‘outsiders’. In spontaneous protest, people in all walks of life are acting as political players to shape the world they share with others. While results obviously take time to unfold, this way of changing society is very visible, exciting and risky. Less noticeable, but more pervasive, are the ways in which day in day out people are getting together to creatively improve the conditions in which they live, sometimes in wider collaboration, sometimes in conflict. This vital, quiet, slow and dense fabric of social and political life is often overlooked. Instead, attention is focused on social arrangements that can be labelled, registered, counted and ‘governed’ and on citizen action which attracts (brief) media attention.... Biekart, K. Fowler, A.F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34862/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Abstract The etatist governance of the forestry sector and its crisis: Germany vs. Russia Over the past two hundred years, professional state forest services have dominated the forest sectors of important European countries, not least through a hegemonic discourse focusing on “regulated” and “sustainable” silviculture. In recent decades this discourse has been increasingly challenged by the internationalization of forest policy, competing environmentalist discourses and the political weakness of the forest sector faced with growing fiscal constraints. In this context this article compares two significant cases of changing forest governance, examining both top-down reform and the survival strategies used by forest services. Lehmbruch, B. Lehmbruch, G. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34761/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Abstract This article discusses the attempt undertaken by several development aid agencies since the turn of the century to integrate political economy assessments into their decision making on development assistance. The article discusses three such attempts: the Drivers of Change adopted by the UK’s Department for International Development, the Strategic Governance and Corruption Analysis (SGACA) developed by the Dutch Directorate General for International Cooperation and the new thinking on political economy analysis, policy reform and political risk advanced by the World Bank. On the basis of a political-economic interpretation of development agencies, two main factors are found to hinder the successful application of political economy assessment. In the first place, the agencies’ professional outlook leads them to see development in primarily technical terms. In the second place, the nature of incentives for development professionals leads them to resist the implementation of political economy analyses. Hout, W. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/34826/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Palestinian children have suffered greatly, whether as a result of numerous conflicts and Israel’s continued belligerent occupation of the occupied Palestinian territory, as a result of discrimination, or due to their prolonged exile. Their plight is a tragic illustration of the failure of all parties in the long-standing and intractable conflict or impasse between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people, and of international actors, to extend effective protection. Protection of Palestinian children, and adequate humanitarian assistance, is indispensable until a just and sustainable solution emerges. Arts, C.J.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38392/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z This study is concerned with the opportunities and challenges experienced by Educated Urban Dalit Women (EUDW) in the contemporary labour market in India. It explores the interplay of caste, class and gender in moulding the aspirations, efforts and achievements of Dalit women (DW) under the globalization and liberalization reforms of the 21st century. It analyzes caste and gender based exclusion and discrimination in urban employment and entrepreneurship policies and practices. It underscores the relevance of a social and gender justice framework and a rights-based approach to understanding and promoting Dalit women’s economic empowerment and social upliftment. This study is the outcome of a participatory process, involving Dalit researchers and activists at different levels and drawing deeply on the perspectives and experiences of EUDW. An underlying motivation of the study is to develop appropriate advocacy and programme strategies to address caste, class and gender based barriers in urban employment and enterprises in line with securing and promoting the rights of EUDW in labour marke t and thewider society. Kumar, S. Kurian, R. Namala, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38432/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z In april 2012 maakte het Kinderrechtencollectief de meest recente NGO-rapportage over de naleving van het Internationaal Verdrag inzake de Rechten van het Kind (IVRK) door Nederland openbaar.1 In juni 2012 werd daar een Jongerenrapportage aan toegevoegd. Deze bijdrage zal beide rapporten kort bespreken. Arts, C.J.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39065/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Nation states are premised on the legitimizing presence of a polity comprised of citizens. The politics of this relationship is central to discourse on how societies evolve. Yet in the discipline of international development studies the topic remains peripheral. Reasons can be found in conceptual confusion, in selectivity in donor thinking and policies towards civil society and in the growth-driven political economy of NGO-ism. Remedies for the political lacunae are being sought through a concerted focus on people’s rights, citizenship and qualities of leadership that all show valuable progress. This chapter will examine a comprehensive complement to such efforts referred to as civic driven change (CDC). Originating in a grounded empirical approach, the constituent principles and elements of CDC offer a lens that can both sharpen and deepen insights and advance analysis of civic agency in socio-political processes. As an ontologically grounded normative proposition, CDC allows exposure and examination of ‘uncivil’ forces stemming from contending claims on citizenship. These factors are typically ignored or denied in an historical harmony model of societal change. A CDC narrative is illustrated by reference to contemporary examples of citizen action that play out at multiple sites of governance. Fowler, A.F. Biekart, K.