http://repub.eur.nl/res/concept/jel-R41/ Recent publications classified by JEL Code R41 en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39844/ 2013-04-12T00:00:00Z We estimate welfare losses of policies that provide on-street parking permits to residents almost free of charge in shopping districts. Our empirical results indicate that parking supply is far from perfectly price elastic, implying that there are substantial welfare losses related to under-priced parking permits. Our results suggest that the provision of residential parking permits in shopping districts induces a yearly deadweight loss of at least euro 500 per permit, which is about 30% of the supply cost of a parking place in shopping districts. Ommeren, J. van Groote, J. de Mingardo, G. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/37225/ 2012-09-04T00:00:00Z This article explores the determinants of road traffic crash fatalities in India. In addition to income, the analysis considers the sociodemographic population structure, motorization levels, road and health infrastructure and road rule enforcement as potential factors. An original panel data set covering 25 Indian states is analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. Time and state fixed-effects account for unobserved heterogeneity across states and time. The rising motorization, urbanization and accompanying increase in the share of vulnerable road users, that is, pedestrians and two-wheelers, are the major drivers of road traffic crash fatalities in India. Among vulnerable road users, women form a particularly high-risk group. Higher expenditure per police officer is associated with a lower fatality rate. The results suggest that India should focus, in particular, on road infrastructure investments that allow the separation of vulnerable from other road users on improved road rule enforcement and should pay special attention to vulnerable female road users. Grimm, M. Treibich, C. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/23650/ 2011-04-04T00:00:00Z At the edge of cities, park-and-ride (P + R) facilities pop up with the aim to intercept motorists from traveling into the city. However, these facilities also appear attractive to public transport users who start using their cars for getting to the P + R location. This paper analyzes the overall impact of P + R on total car traffic and social welfare by means of a discrete modal choice model. The results show that the distribution of individuals' preferences for car over public transport is the main determinant of this impact. P + R has a larger traffic reducing effect if more individuals prefer their car. At the same time, the shift of traffic from city to periphery improves welfare. These effects get stronger when a P + R facility provides a superior access to the mainline public transportation network. Karamychev, V.A. Reeven, P.A. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/12902/ 2008-07-31T00:00:00Z Based on a literature survey, we aim to answer our main question: “How should we plan and execute logistics in supply chains that aim to meet today’s requirements, and how can we support such planning and execution using IT?” Today’s requirements in supply chains include inter-organizational collaboration and more responsive and tailored supply to meet specific demand. Enterprise systems fall short in meeting these requirements The focus of planning and execution systems should move towards an inter-enterprise and event-driven mode. Inter-organizational systems may support planning going from supporting information exchange and henceforth enable synchronized planning within the organizations towards the capability to do network planning based on available information throughout the network. We provide a framework for planning systems, constituting a rich landscape of possible configurations, where the centralized and fully decentralized approaches are two extremes. We define and discuss agent based systems and in particular multi agent systems (MAS). We emphasize the issue of the role of MAS coordination architectures, and then explain that transportation is, next to production, an important domain in which MAS can and actually are applied. However, implementation is not widespread and some implementation issues are explored. In this manner, we conclude that planning problems in transportation have characteristics that comply with the specific capabilities of agent systems. In particular, these systems are capable to deal with inter-organizational and event-driven planning settings, hence meeting today’s requirements in supply chain planning and execution. Lang, N.A. Moonen, J.M. Srour, F.J. Zuidwijk, R.A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/12467/ 2008-05-23T00:00:00Z Navigational systems assist drivers in finding a route between two locations that is time optimal in theory but seldom in practice due to delaying circumstances the system is unaware of, such as traffic jams. Upon arrival at the destination the service of the system ends and the driver is forced to locate a parking place without further assistance. We propose a City Based Parking Routing System (CBPRS) that monitors and reserves parking places for CBPRS participants within a city. The CBPRS guides vehicles using an ant based distributed hierarchical routing algorithm to their reserved parking place. Through means of experiments in a simulation environment we found that reductions of travel times for participants were significant in comparison to a situation where vehicles relied on static routing information generated by the well known Dijkstra’s algorithm. Furthermore, we found that the CBPRS was able to increase city wide traffic flows and decrease the number and duration of traffic jams throughout the city once the number of participants increased. Boehlé, J.L. Rothkrantz, L.J.M. Wezel, M.C. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7947/ 2006-09-07T00:00:00Z Transshipments, monitored movements of material at the same echelon of a supply chain, represent an effective pooling mechanism. With a single exception, research on transshipments overlooks replenishment lead times. The only approach for two-location inventory systems with non-negligible lead times could not be generalized to a multi-location setting, and the proposed heuristic method cannot guarantee to provide optimal solutions. This paper uses simulation optimization by combining an LP/network flow formulation with infinitesimal perturbation analysis to examine the multi-location transshipment problem with positive replenishment lead times, and demonstrates the computation of the optimal base stock quantities through sample path optimization. From a methodological perspective, this paper deploys an elegant duality-based gradient computation method to improve computational efficiency. In test problems, our algorithm was also able to achieve better objective values than an existing algorithm. Gong, Y. Yucesan, E. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/14201/ 2006-08-01T00:00:00Z Railway rolling stock is one of the most significant cost components for operators of passenger trains. The efficient circulation of rolling stock is therefore one of the main objectives pursued in practice. This paper focuses on the determination of appropriate numbers of train units of different types together with their efficient circulation on a single line. To utilize the train units on this line in an efficient way, they are coupled to or uncoupled from the trains in certain stations according to the passengers' seat demand in peak and off-peak hours. Because coupling and uncoupling train units must respect specific rules related to the shunting possibilities in the stations, it is important to take into account the order of the train units in the trains. This aspect strongly increases the complexity of the rolling stock circulation problem. This paper presents a solution approach based on an integer multicommodity flow model with several additional constraints related to the shunting processes at the stations. The approach is applied to a real-life case study based on the timetable of NS Reizigers, the main Dutch operator of passenger trains. Alfieri, A. Groot, R. Kroon, L.G. Schrijver, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7659/ 2006-03-31T00:00:00Z This report is the second part of a PhD project entitled "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety – Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The second part looks into the probability of detention across several port state control regimes while the third part looks at the effect of inspections on casualties as well as the evaluation of target factors. Using binary logistic regression, a method can be established that visualizes the differences of port state control inspections across several regimes. The results indicate that the differences towards the probability of detention are merely reflected by the differences in port states and the treatment of deficiencies and not necessarily by age, size, flag, class or owner. The analysis further shows that there is room for further harmonization in the area of port state control. Knapp, S. Franses, Ph.H.B.F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7895/ 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z The lack of trust in the maritime industry between all the industry organizations and regulators has created an inspection industry which is heavily controlled by oil majors in order to limit their liability. This report is an introductory part of a PhD project called "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety – Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections1 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. This part identifies all inspections that are performed in the name of safety onboard vessels, their estimated costs and frequencies and brings them in relation with insurance claim costs from P&I Clubs. The probability of casualty is analyzed per frequency of inspection and detention. The results reveal that certain ships are inspected frequently and that over-inspection does not necessarily decrease the probability of having a casualty but can rather increase it. Knapp, S. Franses, Ph.H.B.F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7896/ 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z This report is the third part of a PhD project entitled "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety – Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The second part looks into the differences across port state control regimes based on the probability of detention while the third part is measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty which can be measured for very serious casualties but not for serious or less serious casualties. It further determines the magnitude of improvement areas for targeting substandard vessels and gives an evaluation of the target factor. Knapp, S. Franses, Ph.H.B.F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7897/ 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z This report is the fourth part of a PhD project called "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety – Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" and is based on 183,000 port state control inspections and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The fourth part looks into measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty on either seriousness or casualty first event to show the differences across the regimes. It further gives a link of casualties that were found during inspections with either the seriousness of casualties and casualty first events which reveals three areas of improvement possibilities to potentially decrease the probability of a casualty – the ISM code, machinery and equipment and ship and cargo operations. Knapp, S. Franses, Ph.H.B.F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/6957/ 2005-10-02T00:00:00Z Real-time railway operations are subject to stochastic disturbances. However, a railway timetable is a deterministic plan. Thus a timetable should be designed in such a way that it can absorb the stochastic disturbances as well as possible. To that end, a timetable contains buffer times between trains and supplements in running times and dwell times. This paper first describes a stochastic optimization model that can be used to find an optimal allocation of the running time supplements of a single train on a number of consecutive trips along the same line. The aim of this model is to minimize the average delay of the train. The model is then extended such that it can be used to improve a given cyclic timetable for a number of trains on a common infrastructure. Computational results show that the average delay of the trains can be reduced substantially by applying relatively small modifications to the timetable. In particular, allocating the running time supplements in a different way than what is usual in practice can be useful. Kroon, L.G. Dekker, R. Vromans, M.J.C.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/262/ 2002-12-16T00:00:00Z Railway rolling stock (locomotives, carriages, and train units) is one of the most significant cost sources for operatorsof passenger trains, both public and private. Rolling stock costsare due to material acquisition, power supply, and material maintenance. The efficient circulation of rolling stock material is therefore one of the objectives pursued. In this paper we focus on the circulation of train units on a single line. In order to utilize the train units on this line in an efficient way, they are added to or removed from the trains in certain stations, according to the passengers' seat demand. Since adding and removing train units has to respect specific rules, it is important to know the exact order of the train units in the trains. This aspect strongly increases the complexity of the rolling stock circulation problem. In this paper we present aninteger programming approach to solve this problem. We also apply this approach to a real life case study based on the 2001-2002 timetable of NS Reizigers, the major Dutch operator of passenger trains. Alfieri, A. Groot, R. Kroon, L.G. Schrijver, A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/63/ 2000-12-13T00:00:00Z : In this paper we describe the use of a set covering model with additional constraints for scheduling train drivers and conductors for the Dutch railway operator NS Reizigers. The schedules were generated according to new rules originating from the project "Destination: Customer" ("Bestemming: Klant" in Dutch). This project is carried out by NS Reizigers in order to increase the quality and the punctuality of its train services. With respect to the scheduling of drivers and conductors, this project involves the generation of efficient and acceptable duties with a high robustness against the transfer of delays of trains. A key issue for the acceptability of the duties is the included amount of variation per duty. The applied set covering model is solved by dynamic column generation techniques, Lagrangean relaxation and powerful heuristics. The model and the solution techniques are part of the TURNI system, which is currently used by NS Reizigers for carrying out several analyses concerning the required capacities of the depots. The latter are strongly influenced by the new rules. Kroon, L.G. Fischetti, M.