http://repub.eur.nl/res/org/1825/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/26711/ 2011-10-01T00:00:00Z Tegen de achtergrond van de wereldwijde economische en financiële crisis en de schuldencrisis in het eurogebied belicht deze bijdrage de kernelementen van de beoogde versterking van de economische coördinatie in de EMU. Het is twijfelachtig of de huidige voorstellen daadwerkelijk resulteren in een nieuw systeem van economische governance dat solide economisch beleid van lidstaten kan afdwingen. Een oplossing voor de huidige schuldencrisis zijn zij in ieder geval niet. Amtenbrink, F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/20578/ 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that the share of people lacking access to essential medicines worldwide is around 1.7 billon, approximately one-third of the world’s population. Lack of access to essential medicines is an especially serious problem for patients in developing and least-developed countries, where many people struggle just to survive from day to day. From the total number of people who lack access to essential medicines, an estimated 1.3 billion, that is to say, about 80%, live in low-income countries. The reasons why patients lack access to essential medicines are manifold and complex and will not be set out in this article. Often mentioned are prohibitively high medicines prices, which have been ascribed to the practice of the pharmaceutical industry of protecting their pharmaceutical products and processes from competition through patents. Whatever the exact reason for patients’ lack of access to essential medicines, the consequences can be disastrous both for the individual concerned and for society at large when taking into account the scale of the problem worldwide. Although many academics and (non-governmental) organisations have addressed this particular problem from various perspectives, the aim of this article is to illustrate the different approaches taken by two legal systems with regard to the justiciability of the right to health. Moreover, the article intends to demonstrate how allowing for the justiciability of the right to health can play a role in enhancing access to medicines for patients in developing countries. Sellin, J. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/14598/ 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z So much has been written-and vigorously contested-about 'organised crime' (OC) that the impending fall of this familiar icon may come as a shock, both to its detractors and to those who take it for granted. Yet that moment may be upon us, for reasons that this paper will explore, as the European Union shifts the vocabulary within which policies on police cooperation are articulated. A pivot of this change is the EU Council Decision on Europol, first debated by the Council in late 2006 and anticipated as applying from 2010 onwards. This will shift the scope of Europol's work from 'organised crime' (attributing qualities to criminality) to 'serious crime' (concern with impacts and harms falling on individual and collective victims); will transfer financing of Europol to the Community budget; and so will initiate parliamentary scrutiny. These issues in security governance are explored from 'northern', 'southern' and 'eastern' European perspectives and in the contexts of ongoing enlargement and democratisation of the EU. Dorn, N. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/13238/ 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z In deze bijdrage wordt Verordening tot invoering van een Europese betalingsbevel-procedure (EBB-Vo) van commentaar voorzien. De EBB is de eerste eenvormige Europese pro-cedure en kan daarom een mijlpaal worden genoemd. Op een aantal punten wordt kritiek geleverd. Zo lijkt de uitzondering van niet-contractuele vorderingen in art. 2 lid 2 EBB-Vo on-nodig complicerend. De aansluiting bij de bevoegdheidsregeling van de EEX-Vo – hoewel uit het standpunt van horizontale afstemming gewenst – is eveneens complicerend en kostenverhogend. De regeling van het bewijs in art. 7 is niet geheel duidelijk en kan tot een verschillende praktijk in de lidstaten leiden. Tot slot is de regeling van de heroverweging evenmin duidelijk en zij kan bij een ruime interpretatie de effectiviteit van de Europese betalingsbevelprocedure ondermij-nen.] Kramer, X.E. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7791/ 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z The principle of subsidiarity lies at the heart of the European Union’s strife to bring the EU closer to the citizen. Yet, it appears to be failing to do so in its present form. Therefore, the new Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe [hereafter: European Constitution] has the intention to bring it to the best possible position in this respect. Goudappel, F.A.N.J. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/8350/ 2005-09-01T00:00:00Z Together with institutional, functional and organizational independence, financial independence constitutes one of the cornerstones of central bank independence, the economic ratio of which has been demonstrated extensively in the literature. In broad terms financial independence may be defined as referring to the legal and practical arrangements identifying the finances of a central bank and the extent to which the bank is subject to outside influence in this regard. In the (legal) debate on central bank accountability, arguably arrangements relating to central bank finances have sometimes been treated in a rather step motherly fashion. Yet, with the wider debate on good governance structures having reached central banking, more attention is paid to such detailed arrangements. This contribution focuses on and aims at providing an overview on the impact on central bank independence of the legal arrangements relating to several aspects of central bank finances. While government access to central bank money undoubtedly has an impact on the financial position of the central bank, this contribution focuses on those elements, which are arguably more directly linked to the financial position of a central bank, including capitalization and recapitalization, the determination of the central bank budget and the arrangements on profit and loss distribution. In legal studies these arrangements have certainly received less attention. To this end a critical assessment of the role which the legal basis of a central bank plays in enhancing or undermining the financial position of a central bank vis-à-vis government and, thereafter. In this context, legal arrangements which do not only support the financial independence of a central bank but also enhance its accountability are observed. Where appropriate, references are included to legal arrangements in existing central bank systems so to provide for negative and positive examples. Amtenbrink, F. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/1826/ 2004-12-16T00:00:00Z After a short description of the theoretical and philosophical background of the notions of citizenship and nationality, the contents of European Union citizenship will be described. This notion of European Citizenship will then be compared to the notions of citizenship and nationality in several countries. In this way, it will be possible to comprehend the scope and implications of European Union citizenship. Goudappel, F.A.N.J. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/6156/ 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Bergh, R.J. van den Camesasca, P.D.N. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/6157/ 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Faure, M.G. Bergh, R.J. van den http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/6167/ 2000-11-01T00:00:00Z Bergh, R.J. van den