http://repub.eur.nl/res/org/344/ List of Publications en http://repub.eur.nl/static-eur/img/logo.png http://repub.eur.nl http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39923/ 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z Squatting became illegal in the Netherlands on 1 October 2010. The paper examines the dynamics involved. Theoretically drawing on debates about culture wars, revanchism, moral panics and the creative city, it is based on participant observation in squatter meetings, debates with politicians, a parliament hearing, lobbying meetings and various informal encounters, on a survey and on a collection of documents. A key mechanism that the paper explores is the following. Strategies of resistance that seem more or less manageable in the local context of a creative city can, when they backfire, cause a moral panic on the national level. This provides ammunition for revanchist politicians. Pruijt, H.D. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39887/ 2013-04-01T00:00:00Z The authors present the first cross-national comparison of more than 300 national campaigns for charitable causes in the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1950 to 2011. The authors study frequency and amounts raised, discuss successful and failed campaigns, and review the literature with regard to potential determinants of success. The authors group these determinants into three categories: (a) perceived characteristics of recipients, notably their need, agency, and blamelessness; (b) donor characteristics, such as geographical and cultural proximity, a gain in status or reputation, and material incentives; and (c) structural characteristics of the giving regime, such as the frequency and media formats of campaigns, fundraising rules and regulations, and trust. Leeuwen, M.H.D. van Wiepking, P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39982/ 2013-04-01T00:00:00Z Rural areas in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia are often excluded from the fruits of economic growth. In this paper it is argued that this exclusion goes beyond the mere 'rural-urban divide' caused by unequal income distribution. Social exclusion, measured by three dimensions, exclusion from economic life, exclusion from social services, and exclusion from civic life and social networks, is captured by an innovative multidimensional exclusion index (MEI), developed in the Regional Human Development Report. The empirical base for the MEI is a set of large household surveys in six transition countries, Kazakhstan, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine, held in the period September-November 2009, during the height of the economic crisis. Special emphasis is given to the location factor, showing that social exclusion is overall stronger in rural areas in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, in particular caused by the stronger influence of the second dimension, exclusion from social services, which includes access and quality to public utilities. © 2013 The Author. Sociologia Ruralis Spoor, M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39151/ 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Cooney, T.M. Dykstra, P.A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39968/ 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Abstract This paper draws on qualitative and quantitative data on the migration experiences of Brazilians living in Portugal and the Netherlands to reflect and expand upon the existing knowledge on the role of social networks in migration processes. We consider different migrant profiles based on principal migration motives to identify differentiated socio-demographic profiles and relate these to migration strategies. We show that differences in the ways migrants access and use social networks in their migration projects can be related to these different migration motives and profiles. Simultaneously, we compare two distinct immigration contexts both in terms of contemporary immigration regimes and working opportunities and historical links to Brazil. Our findings demonstrate that migration scholars need to move beyond the narrow conceptualisation of social networks based on community or kin relationships, to consider multiple configurations involving different agents – both in the origin and destination countries – at different stages of the migration process. In addition, we show that future analyses would benefit from taking into account the differences between migrants driven by distinct motivations in different places. Meeteren, M.J. van Pereira, S. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39126/ 2012-12-06T00:00:00Z Background: We identify four research themes where MULTILINKS, a programme of research on intergenerational family ties funded through the Seventh Framework of the European Commission, has brought new and unique insights. Key premises of the MULTILINKS approach involved an emphasis on (1) both young and old in families, (2) the ways in which social policies structure interdependencies in families, and (3) the influence of historical, economic and cultural contexts. Methods: Our overview includes research done in the context of the MULTILINKS programme at large as well as the papers in this special collection. Results: Firstly, by combining macro and micro perspectives on intergenerational family constellations across Europe it has been possible to provide a more nuanced view than is common in conventional portrayals of family change. Secondly, by extending research to Eastern European countries, the programme has not only identified crucial regional differences in co-residential arrangements and intergenerational exchanges in families, but also shown that explanations of well-being differentials are similar in Eastern and Western Europe. Thirdly, by focusing on legal and policy frameworks regarding the division of care and financial responsibilities for the young and old between the family and the state, it has been possible to distinguish patterns in the degree to which national policies strengthen or weaken generational interdependencies in families. Fourthly, research conducted in the context of the MULTILINKS programme has demonstrated the usefulness of paying attention to preferences about family members' responsibilities for each other. Conclusion: Recognition of the key premises of MULTILINKS has led to challenging, critical insights on intergenerational family ties. Dykstra, P.A. Komter, A.E. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38464/ 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z Governments are increasingly developing policies to apprehend and deport unauthorized migrants. Compared to the United States, the legal and administrative framework in Western European countries generally allows for a stricter interior policing of unauthorized migrants. This article describes and explains the limits to in-country migration policing in the Netherlands. On the basis of extensive urban field research in the country's two largest cities, as well as national police apprehension data, it is shown that even in a restrictive policy context immigration rules are not categorically enforced; assumed "deviant" unauthorized migrants run much higher apprehension risks than "nondeviant" unauthorized migrants. However, unauthorized migrants run much higher interior apprehension risks than in the United States. It is argued that the selective interior enforcement of immigration rules can be understood by taking into consideration the interests and values of three local agents that structure in-country migration policing: regular police, neighborhood residents, and city governments. Leerkes, A.S. Varsanyi, M. Engbersen, G.B.M. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/37522/ 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z The limited literature on the social activities irregular migrants undertake in their leisure time is dichotomised around two positions. The dominant view holds that irregular migrants are busy surviving and have neither time nor opportunity to engage in recreational activities or to be geographically mobile. Challenged by this one-sided perspective, a few scholars oppose this image and describe the various social activities which their respondents engage in. Drawing on participant observation and 164 interviews with irregular migrants, this article demonstrates that there is more variety in the social activities of irregular migrants than is suggested by this dichotomised debate. In addition, it shows that an approach that takes the aspirations of irregular migrants as the central focus of analysis provides understanding of this diversity in their social lives. Future research on the lives of irregular migrants should therefore take their aspirations into account. Meeteren, M.J. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39144/ 2012-09-01T00:00:00Z This paper focuses on shifts in adult child-parent relationship type using the first two waves of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS). The analyses are informed by both a life transitions perspective, and a reduction of ambivalence perspective. The intergenerational relationships typology represents different combinations of solidaristic acts and conflict. We employed Latent Transition Analysis to determine the prevalence and predictors of shifts. Less than 5% of the dyads shifted to a different type. Insofar shifts took place, they were most likely from the ambivalent type, and particularly so for relationships with mothers and daughters. Offspring (re)partnering, offspring divorce, parental widowhood, parental health decline, offspring unemployment, birth of a grandchild, and moving nearer, did not predict typology shifts, whereas the number of parental divorces was too small for analyses of change. Parental repartnering prompted a shift toward the discordant type with its low probabilities of contact and support exchange, and the relatively high likelihood of conflict over personal issues. Moving away prompted a shift from the ambivalent type with its high probabilities of supportive exchanges and conflict over material and personal issues. Over a period of 3 years, there is considerably more continuity in adult child-parent relationships than change. Schenk, N. Dykstra, P.A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38465/ 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z Both the number of crime suspects without legal status and the number of irregular or undocumented immigrants held in detention facilities increased substantially in theNetherlands between 1997 and 2003. In this period, theDutch state increasingly attempted to exclude irregular immigrants from the formal labour market and public provisions. At the same time the registered crime among irregular migrants rose. The 'marginalisation thesis' asserts that a larger number of migrants have become involved in crime in response to a decrease in conventional life chances. Using police and administrative data, the present study takes four alternative interpretations into consideration based on: 1) reclassification of immigrant statuses by the state and redefinition of the law, 2) criminal migration and crossborder crime, 3) changes in policing, and 4) demographic changes. A combination of factors is found to have caused the rise in crime, but the marginalisation thesis still accounts for at least 28%. These findings accentuate the need for a more thorough discussion on the intended and unintended consequences of border control for immigrant crime. Leerkes, A.S. Engbersen, G.B.M. Leun, J.P. van der http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38275/ 2012-07-11T00:00:00Z ABSTRACT The rational pursuit of happiness requires knowledge of happiness and in particular answers to the following four questions: 1: Is greater happiness realistically possible? 2: If so, to what extent is that in our own hands? 3: How can we get happier? What things should be considered in the choices we make? 4: How does the pursuit of happiness fit with other things we value? Answers to these questions are not only sought by individuals who want to improve their personal life, they are also on the mind of managers concerned about the happiness of members of their organization and of governments aiming to promote greater happiness of a greater number of citizens. All these actors might make more informed choices if they could draw on a sound base of evidence. In this paper I take stock of the available evidence and the answers it holds for the four types of questions asked by the three kinds of actors. To do this, I use a large collection of research findings on happiness gathered in the World Database of Happiness. The data provide good answers to the questions 1 and 2, but fall short on the questions 3 and 4. Priorities for further research are indicated. Veenhoven, R. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32806/ 2012-07-02T00:00:00Z In 1951, C. W. Mills (58-59) wrote: "To be free and to be secure is to have an effective control over that upon which one is dependent: the job within the centralized enterprise". A key problem of our time is if and how employees can be free and secure by having an effective control over their employability. The aim for this paper is to contribute to the debate about this by focusing on the ICT sector, because it is characterized by rapid change which makes it a prototype for an employability- dependent careers pattern, and within this sector on companies whose management takes a keen interest in employability. The research question is: what are the implications of the new psychological contract based pursuit of employability by ICT companies? The paper starts with some conceptual clarification regarding employability and the new psychological contract, followed by a brief review of theoretical constraints. Then it outlines the employability-related challenges that work in the ICT field entails, and positions the nine companies studied as fairly exceptional, critical cases in terms of the interest shown in the issue of employability. In the empirical part of the paper implications and constraints are explored on the basis of 37 interviews with employees and managers in the companies. Pruijt, H.D. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38251/ 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z The literature on immigrant transnationalism and on irregular immigration suggests irregular migrants engage relatively little in transnational activities because of the obstacles associated with their legal and economic statuses. Drawing on participant observation and in-depth interviews with a diverse population of irregular migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands, however, I shall demonstrate in this article that irregular migrants do indeed engage in various transnational activities. Moreover, I argue that a focus on aspirations helps to understand why irregular migrants either do or do not engage in specific transnational activities. Distinguishing between investment, settlement and legalization aspirations, I analyse whether and for what reasons irregular migrants carry out economic, social and political transnational activities. I conclude that future research on transnationalism and on the incorporation of irregular and regular migrants alike could benefit from contextualizing the agency of migrants by taking their aspirations into account. Meeteren, M.J. van http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32517/ 2012-06-12T00:00:00Z This article assesses the push- and pull-factor explanation in Sassen’s theory on migration from newly industrialising countries to cities in OECD countries separately. The former explanation argues that foreign direct investments spawn migration flows to the country where these investments stem from. The pull-factor explanation revolves around demand for low-skilled workers in cities due to the clustering of advanced producer services. It is found that Dutch investment flows indeed function as a push factor for migration to Dutch cities, but that the local settlement of immigrants is not related to the clustering of advanced producer services. Waal, J. van der http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32546/ 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z Terwijl Nederland bekendstaat als baken van tolerantie, wordt er de laatste jaren opvallend veel kritiek geuit op de islam. Bovendien hanteren islamkritische opinie- leiders hierbij een discours waarbij progressieve waarden centraal staan. Dit roept de vraag op hoe morele progressiviteit en afwijzing van de islam met elkaar verbon- den zijn onder de bredere bevolking. En hoe verhoudt een op progressieve waarden gebaseerde verwerping van de islam zich tot etnocentrische vooroordelen? Bohemen, S.R.J.M. van Kemmers, R. Koster, W. de http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/38236/ 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z ABSTRACT Previous research has demonstrated that the generally positive relationship between age and the presence of charitable giving becomes negative at the oldest ages. We investigate potential causes of this drop in charitable giving among the oldest old including changes in health, cognition, egocentric networks, religious attendance, and substitution of charitable bequest planning. A longitudinal analysis of data from the United States Health and Retirement Survey indicates that the drop in charitable giving is mediated largely by changes in the frequency of church attendance, with only modest influences from changes in health and cognition. Wiepking, P. James, R.N. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/31782/ 2012-02-01T00:00:00Z In research on philanthropy, much attention has been given to the impact of the actual economic costs of giving. This paper argues that the perceived psychological costs of giving should also be taken into consideration when seeking to understand donations to charitable organizations. It is already known that people differ in their attitudes towards money, and that money attitudes are mostly independent from income, but these findings have been largely overlooked in the study of philanthropy and altruism. This paper seeks to rectify that omission by investigating the relationship between charitable giving and money perceptions. The analyses show that, regardless of the actual financial resources held by a donor, the size of their donations is negatively affected by feelings of retention (a careful approach to money) and inadequacy (people who worry about their financial situation). We conclude that an understanding of money perceptions is an additional important factor in the understanding of charitable behaviour. Fundraising professionals should not only select potential donors based on their absolute financial capacities but also take the potential donor's own financial perceptions into account when asking for donations. Wiepking, P. Breeze, B. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/39131/ 2012-01-27T00:00:00Z Inleidend: ... Families staan nu volop in de wetenschappelijke belangstelling. Dat is niet altijd zo geweest (De Hoog, 2003). Weliswaar zijn in de jaren vijftig en zestig van de vorige eeuw verschillende hoogleraren gezinssociologie in Nederland benoemd, maar hun leerstoelgroepen zijn enkele decennia daarna ter ziele gegaan. Universitaire bezuinigingen, maar ook verminderde belangstelling onder onderzoekers zijn daaraan debet geweest. In 1996 constateerde de Sociaal-Wetenschappelijke Raad dat de wetenschappelijke kennis over gezinnen en families was achtergebleven bij demografische en maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen. Hun rapport Nieuwe perspectieven voor de gezinssociologie (Sociaal-Wetenschappelijke Raad, 1996) is een effectieve katalysator geweest: investeringen in dataverzamelingen zijn gedaan, nieuwe hoogleraren zijn aangesteld en het programma ‘De bindende kracht van familierelaties’ van de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek is succesvol uitgevoerd. ... Dykstra, P.A. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/31783/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Much is known about motivations for giving to charities generally. However, much less has been identified about bequestors as a unique type of charitable donor. This paper explores the motives and barriers for charitable bequest giving. Hypotheses are drawn from the general philanthropic literature and tested using survey data from Australia, a nation distinguished by very high lifetime (inter vivos) giving but low estate (post mortem) giving. The results show that belief in the efficacy of charitable organizations is requisite for leaving a bequest, as the deceased donor has no control over the enactment of the gift. This effect is mediated by the perceived difficulty of making a charitable bequest, which forms an important barrier for leaving such a legacy. Having family whose financial needs are perceived as not taken care of and the perception of financial inability to make a difference also form barriers for bequest giving. The results confirm that bequests constitute a distinctive charitable behaviour, with unique motives and barriers compared to other types of inter vivos giving. While charitable behaviour in general is driven by altruistic attitudes and political and religious values, as well as social reputation, these factors do not affect charitable bequest making as expected. Surprisingly, we find a negative relationship between financial resources and the inclination to leave a charitable bequest. The article ends with suggestions for ways charities might connect more meaningfully with their bequestors or with donors who might consider bequeathing to them. Scaife, W. McDonald, K. Wiepking, P. http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/32901/ 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Samenvatting De GeluksWijzer is een combinatie van een zelf-help website en een langlopend wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Deelnemers beantwoorden hierbij regelmatig vragen over hun geluk. Van 16.125 deelnemers is bekend in welke provincie ze wonen. Daardoor kan nu worden nagegaan of mensen in alle provincies even gelukkig zijn. Wat is de meest en de minst gelukkige provincie in Nederland? In deze rapportage van de GeluksWijzer zijn verschillen in gemiddeld maandelijks en dagelijks geluk tussen de 12 Nederlandse provincies van 30 september 2010 tot en met 7 februari 2011 onderzocht. De belangrijkste bevindingen zijn: - Deelnemers uit Limburg zijn significant minder gelukkig dan deelnemers uit andere provincies in Nederland: Het rapportcijfer voor maandelijks en dagelijks geluk is er ongeveer een half punt lager. - Deelnemers uit Drenthe waren gemiddeld genomen het gelukkigst. - De (kleine) verschillen in gemiddeld geluk tussen provincies kunnen niet worden verklaard uit verschillen in levensomstandigheden op provincieniveau, zoals bijvoorbeeld het gemiddelde werkloosheidloosheidspercentage of de natuuroppervlakte per provincie. - Het minder hoge gelukscijfer in Limburg kan wel deels verklaard worden doordat meer deelnemers uit Limburg een ondermodaal inkomen hebben dan deelnemers uit de overige Nederlandse provincies. De GeluksWijzer is een gezamenlijk project van de Erasmus Universiteit van Rotterdam en verzekeringcombinatie Univé-VGZ-IZA-TRIAS. Het onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd door het aan de Erasmus Universiteit verbonden onderzoeksinstituut RISBO. Deze rapportage heeft betrekking op de periode 30 september 2010 tot en met 7 februari 2011. Oerlemans, W.G.M. Veenhoven, R.