Measuring Spirituality as a Universal Human Experience: A Review of Spirituality Questionnaires
June 2012
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Spirituality is an important theme in health research, since a spiritual orientation can help people to cope with the consequences of a serious disease. Knowledge on the role of spirituality is, however, limited, as most research is based on measures of religiosity rather than spirituality. A questionnaire that transcends specific beliefs is a prerequisite for quantifying the importance of spirituality among people who adhere to a religion or none at all. In this review, we discuss ten questionnaires that address spirituality as a universal human experience. Questionnaires are evaluated with regard to psychometric properties, item formulation and confusion with well-being and distress. Although none of the questionnaires fulfilled all the criteria, the multidimensional Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire is promising.
- spirituality
- questionnaire
- well-being
- scale
- factor
- health
- subscale
- people
- experience
- journal
- meaning
- religion
- psychometric
- connectednes
- spirituality questionnaires
- research
- quality
- review
- measure
- example
