Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Groenen, P.J.F. Author-Name-Last: Groenen Author-Name-First: Patrick Author-Person: pgr229 Author-Name: Terada, Y. Author-Name-Last: Terada Title: Symbolic Multidimensional Scaling Abstract: __Abstract__ Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a technique that visualizes dissimilarities between pairs of objects as distances between points in a low dimensional space. In symbolic MDS, a dissimilarity is not just a value but can represent an interval or even a histogram. Here, we present an overview of developments for symbolic MDS. We discuss how interval dissimilarities they can be represented by (concentric) circles or rectangles, how replications can be represented by a three-way MDS version, and show how nested intervals of distances can be obtained for representing histogram dissimilarities. The various models are illustrated by empirical examples. Length: 22 Creation-Date: 2015-05-27 File-URL: https://repub.eur.nl/pub/78189/EI2015-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Series: RePEc:ems:eureir Number: EI 2015-15 Keywords: MDS, Multidimensional Scaling Handle: RePEc:ems:eureir:78189