Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Verheul, I. Author-Name-Last: Verheul Author-Name-First: Ingrid Author-Person: pve71 Title: Commitment or Control? Human Resource Management Practices in Female and Male-Led Businesses Abstract: This paper investigates the commitment-orientation of HRM practices in female- and male-led firms. A distinction is made between emphasizing commitment or control in the design of HRM practices. To test for gender differences use is made of a sample of 555 Dutch firms. Contrary to what is generally believed it is found that – when controlled for relevant factors related to the business (e.g., firm size, age, sector) – HRM in female-led firms is more control-oriented than that in male-led firms. More specifically, female-led firms are more likely to be characterized by fixed and clearly defined tasks, centralized decision-making and direct supervision of the production process. Creation-Date: 2007-10-30 File-URL: https://repub.eur.nl/pub/10618/ERS-2007-071-ORG.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Series: RePEc:ems:eureri Number: ERS-2007-071-ORG Classification-JEL: M, M12, M13, O32 Keywords: commitment, control, entrepreneurship, gender, human resource management Handle: RePEc:ems:eureri:10618