Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: van Rinsum, M. Author-Name-Last: van Rinsum Author-Name-First: Marcel Title: Utilizing Incentives and Accountability: In Control in Control? Abstract: Objectivity and transparency are often considered to be desirable attributes of a performance measurement and incentive system. Subjectivity, on the other hand, is typically equated with bias and has a negative connotation. But accounting research shows us that a degree of subjectivity, in other words, allowing leeway for supervisors’ judgments in evaluations, is usually optimal. I argue that we should switch to the term ‘discretion’, to be better able to communicate its benefits. Moreover, I discuss the benefits and costs of discretion and of transparency. I surmise that a balance between objectivity and discretion is required, and that transparency is definitely not always desirable. Furthermore, I discuss how discretion relates to the way in which managers are held accountable. Holding managers accountable for outcomes is not always optimal, yet pervasive. Finally, I outline future research opportunities on discretion and accountability, apply the insights about performance measurement to the academic working environment, and promote the use of new research methods. Length: 48 Creation-Date: 2019-09-20 File-URL: https://repub.eur.nl/pub/120287/Inaugural-Address-Marcel-van-Rinsun.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Series: RePEc:ems:euriar Number: EIA 2019-078-F&A Classification-JEL: M41 Keywords: prestatiebeoordeling, transparantie, objectivity, subjectivity, discretion, incentives, accountability, transparency, performance evaluation, measurement system, management control, management accounting Handle: RePEc:ems:euriar:120287