Skip to main content
Log in

Income distribution: Second thoughts

  • Published:
De Economist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

As a follow-up of his book on income distribution the author reformulates his version on the scarcity theory of income from productive contributions. The need to introduce into an earnings theory several job characteristics, non-cognitive as well as cognitive, and the corresponding personality traits is stressed, the latter subdivided into innate and learnable capabilities. The theory is presented in two alternative mathematical versions: one where job and person characteristics are continuous and one where they have discrete values and their frequencies assume continuous values. Although, mainly in the United States, numerous empirical inquiries have been made, job characteristics and the corresponding personal characteristics have not been included in sufficient number.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atkinson, A. B., Review of J. Tinbergen (1975),Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 60 (1975), pp. 1105–1106 (Dutch).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyrard, N.,Contribution à l'étude de l'économie de la production au niveau de la firme. Thèse de doctorat de 3me cycle, Paris-Nanterre, 1976.

  • Baug, M., ‘The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey,’Journal of Economic Literature, XIV (1976), pp. 827–855.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boon, G. K., ‘Technologische afhankelijkheid’,Internat. Spectator, XXX (1976), p. 729 (Dutch, with references to earlier English publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouma, N., B. M. S. van Praag and J. Tinbergen, ‘Testing and Applying a Theory of Utility,'European Economic Review, VIII (1976), pp. 181–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowles, S., ‘Schooling and Inequality from Generation to Generation,’ in: T. W. Schultz (ed.),Investment in Education: The Equity-Efficiency Quandary, Chicago, 1972.

  • Bowles, S. and H. Gintis, ‘IQ in the U.S. Claps Structure,’Social Policy, Jan/Feb. 1973.

  • Bowles, S. and H. Gintis,Schooling in Capitalist America, New York, 1976.

  • Bowles, S. and V. I. Nelson, ‘The “Inheritance of IQ” and the Intergenerational Reproduction of Economic Inequality,’Review of Economics and Statistics, LVI (1974), pp. 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, G.,Theoretische Sozialökonomie, Leipzig, 1918 (German).

  • Chiswick, B. R.,Income Inequality, New York, 1974.

  • Chiswick, B. R., Review of J. Tinbergen (1975) inJournal of Political Economy, LXXXIV (1976), pp. 422–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corocan, M., Chr. Jencks and M. Olneck, ‘The Effects of Family Background on Earnings,’American Economic Review, LXVI (1976), Proceedings, pp. 430–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wolff, P. and A. R. D. van Slijpe, ‘The Relation between Income, Intelligence, Education and Social Background,’Institute of Actuarial Science and Econometrics, University of Amsterdam, 1972.

  • Douglas, P.,The Theory of Wages, Chicago, 1934.

  • Duncan, O. D., D. L. Featherman and B. Duncan,Socio-economic Background and Occupational Achievement: Extensions of a Basic Model, Washington, 1968.

  • Garfinkel, I. and R. H. Haveman,Economic Inequality and the Utilization of Earnings Capacity, Madison (Wisc.), 1975.

  • Griliches, Z. and W. M. Mason, ‘Education, Income and Ability,’Journal of Political Economy, LXXX (1972), Suppl. p. S 74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartog, J., private discussions, 1976, 1977.

  • Haveman, R. H., ‘Jan Tinbergen's ‘Income Distribution: Analysis and Policies,’ A Review Article, to appear inHuman Resources XII (1977), p. 103–114 and inDe Economist, CXXV (1977), pp. 161173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houthakker, H. S., ‘The Size Distribution of Labour Incomes Derived from the Distribution of Aptitudes,’ in: W. Sellekaerts (ed.),Econometrics and Economic Theory, London, 1974, p. 177.

  • Husën, T., ‘Ability, Opportunity and Career; A 26 Year Follow-up,’Education Research, X (1968), p. 170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, S. K., Review of J. Tinbergen (1975) inDe Economist CXXIV (1976), pp. 168–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznets; S., ‘Demographic Aspects of the Distribution of Income among Families: Recent Trends in the United States,’ in: W. Sellekaerts (ed.),Econometrics and Economic Theory, London, 1974, pp. 223–245.

  • Mincer, J., ‘The Distribution of Labor Incomes: A Survey with Special Reference to the Human Capital Approach,’The Journal of Economic Literature, VIII (1970), pp. 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mincer, J.,Schooling, Experience and Earnings, New York, 1974.

  • Morgenstern, R. D., ‘Direct and Indirect Effects on Earnings of Schooling and Socio-Economic Background,’The Review of Economics and Statistics, LV (1973), pp. 225–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osberg, L. S.,A Structural Approach to the Distribution of Earnings, Dissertation, Yale University, 1975.

  • Osberg, L. S., ‘Tinbergen and the “Blurring” of the Human Capital Paradigm,’Review of Income and Wealth, XXII (1976), pp. 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pen, J.,Income Distribution, London, 1971.

  • Rahm, C. M.,The Occupational Wage Structure, Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, New York, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taubman, P. and T. Wales, HigherEducation and Earnings, New York, 1974.

  • Taubman, P., ‘Controlling For and Measuring the Effects of Genetics and Family Environment in Equations for Schooling and Labor Market Success,’ in: P. Taubman (ed.),Kinometrics: the Determinants of Socio-economic Success within and between Families, Amsterdam, 1977.

  • Thurow, L. C. and E. B. Lucas, ‘The Distribution of Earned Income’ in: O. Eckstein (ed.),Parameters and Policies in the U.S. Economy, New York, 1976, p. 11.

  • Tinbergen, J.,Business Cycles in the U.S.A. 1919–1932, Geneva, 1939, (reprinted in: J. Tinbergen,Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories, Agathon Press, New York 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen, J., ‘On the Theory of Income Distribution,’Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv CXXVII (1956), pp. 155–175, reprinted inSelected Papers, Amsterdam, 1959, pp. 243–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen, J.,Income Distribution: Analysis and Policies, Amsterdam 1975.

  • Tinbergen, J., ‘Substitution of Academically Trained by Other Manpower,’Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, CXI (1975), pp. 466–476 (1975a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen, J., ‘The Demand-Supply Theory of Incomes Tested by 1970 Census Figures,’Review of Income and Wealth, XXI (1975), pp. 199–202 (1975b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen, J., ‘The Role of Occupational Status in Income Formation,' in: J. S. Cramer, A. Heertje and P. Venekamp (eds.),Relevance and Precision: Essays in Honour of Pieter de Wolff, Amsterdam, 1976, pp. 19–25.

  • Tinbergen, J., ‘Gerechtigkeit als gesellschaftspolitisches Ziel: Der Beitrag der Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik zur Entwicklung gesellschaftspolitischer Zielsysteme,’Jahresversammlung des Vereins für Sozialpolitik, Augsburg, 1976, (German), (Berlin 1977).

  • Ullman, C. J.,The Growth of Professional Occupations in the American Labor Force: 1900–1963 (Summary of Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, 1972, World Bank).

  • Van Praag, B. M. S., ‘The Welfare Function of Income in Belgium: An Empirical Investigation,’European Economic Review, II (1971), pp. 337–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Praag, B. M. S. and A. Kapteyn, ‘Further Evidence on the Individual Welfare Function of Income: An Empirical Investigation in the Netherlands,’European Economic Review, IV (1973), pp. 33–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Praag, B. M. S.,De verdeling van inkomen en macht, Leiden, 1975.

  • Wise, D. A., ‘Academic Achievement and Job Performance,’American Economic Review, LXV (1975), pp.350–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A. J. B., Review of J. Tinbergen (1975),Economic Journal, LXXXV (1975), p. 993.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

I want to express my profound gratitude to Professor Robert H. Haveman, who not only published a deep-delving review article on my book ‘Income Distribution: Analysis and Policies’ but also commented on an earlier text of the present article. I also owe a great debt to Professor Jan Pen who in a long series of discussions challenged a number of my concepts and figures. Finally I want to thank Dr. S. K. Kuipers for helpful comments on an earlier draft.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tinbergen, J. Income distribution: Second thoughts. De Economist 125, 315–339 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01479115

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01479115

Keywords

Navigation