Skip to main content
Log in

Extant Social Contracts in Global Business Regulation: Outline of a Research Agenda

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The notion of extant social contracts (ESC), which was the original contribution that Tom Dunfee provided to contractualist business ethics (CBE) and Integrated Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) more specifically, has commanded less research attention to date than one would expect based on its apparent empirical face validity and its disciplinary spanning potential. This article attempts to revive the ESC concept in both normative and positive research at the intersection of business, management, and ethics and law. After identifying three features that positively distinguish ESC from ISCT, this article argues that the yet unrealized conceptual potential of ESC is most likely to be cashed out when it is applied to the field of private international business regulation and when it is conceptually connected to the legitimizing perspective of institutional theory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bartley, T.: 2003. “Certifying forests and factories: States, social movements, and the rise of private regulation in the apparel and forest products fields”. Politics & Society, 31(3), 433-464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, T. 2004. “Labor and the environmental movement: The quest for common ground”, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 58(1), 146-147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, T. 2007a. “Governing water: Contentious transnational politics and global institution building”. American Journal of Sociology, 112(6), 1935-1937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, T. 2007b. “Institutional emergence in an era of globalization: The rise of transnational private regulation of labor and environmental conditions”. American Journal of Sociology, 113(2), 297-351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, T., K. Andersson, P. Jagger & F. Van Laerhoven.: 2008. “The contribution of institutional theories to explaining decentralization of natural resource governance”. Society & Natural Resources, 21(2), 160-174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, J., & P. Drahos.: 2000. Global business regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bull, H.: 1977. The anarchical society : a study of order in world politic ,. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cashore, B.: 2002, ‘Legitimacy and the privatization of environmental governance: How nonstate market-driven (NSMD) governance systems gain rule-making authority’, Governance-an International Journal of Policy and Administration 15(4), 503–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cashore, B. W., G. Auld and D. Newsom: 2004, Governing through markets : Forest certification and the emergence of non-state authority (Yale University Press, New Haven)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremades, B., & S. Plehn.: 1983. “New Lex Mercatoria and the Harmonization of the Laws of International Commercial Transactions”, The. Boston University International Law Journal 2, 317-348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. C.: 1999. “Locating “authority” in the global political economy”, International Studies Quarterly, 43(1), 59-81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. C. :2001. “Critical reflections on the Westphalian assumptions of international law and organization: a crisis of legitimacy”, Review of International Studies, 27(2): 133-150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. C.: 2003. Private power and global authority: transnational merchant law in the global political economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. C., V. Haufler & T. Porter.: 1999. Private authority and international affairs. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & T. W. Dunfee.: 1994, “Toward a Unified Conception of Business Ethics - Integrative Social Contracts Theory”, Academy of Management Review, 19(2): 252-284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & T. W. Dunfee.: 1995. “Integrative Social Contracts Theory - a Communitarian Conception of Economic Ethics”, Economics and Philosophy, 11(1): 85-112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & T. W. Dunfee.: 1999, Ties that Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunfee, T. W.: 1991, “Business ethics and extant social contracts”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), 23-51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunfee, T. W. 2006. A critical perspective of integrative social contracts theory: Recurring criticisms and next generation research topics. Journal of Business Ethics, 68(3), 303-328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunfee, T. W., N. C. Smith & W. T. Ross.: 1999, “Social contracts and marketing ethics” Journal of Marketing, 63(3), 14-32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiss, P. C.: 2007, ‘A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations’, Academy of Management Review 32(4), 1180–1198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. and M. Pensky: 2001, The postnational constellation: Political essays, 1st Edition (Mass, MIT Press, Cambridge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. B. and T. J. Biersteker: 2002, The emergence of private authority in global governance (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hampton, J.: 1986, Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, H. L. A.: 1982, Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, F. A.: 1978, Law, legislation, and liberty: Rules and order (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., J. H. Van Oosterhout & J. Vromen.: 2003. The Social Institutions of Capitalism: Design and Evolution of Social Contracts, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., J. H. van Oosterhout, & M. Kaptein.: 2006, “Foundations and applications for contractualist business ethics”, Journal of Business Ethics, 68(3), 211-228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., M. Kaptein and J. van Oosterhout: 2008, ‘Contracts to communities: A processual model of organizational virtue’, Journal of Management Studies 45(1), 100–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heugens, P. P. M. A. R. and M. W. Lander: 2009, ‘Structure! Agency! (and Other Quarrels): A Meta-Analysis of Institutional Theories of Organization’, Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 61–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, M. R., & T. J. Sinclair.: 2003, “Private Actors and Public Policy: A Requiem for the New Basel Capital Accord”, International Political Science Review/Revue internationale de science pol, 24(3), 345-362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobrin, S. J.: 2001, ‘Sovereignity@Bay; Globalization, multinational enterprise and the international political system’, in A. M. Rugman and T. L. Brewer (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Business. (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobrin, S. J.: 2009, ‘Private Political Authority and Public Responsibility: Transnational Politics, Transnational Firms, and Human Rights’, Business Ethics Quarterly 19(3), 349–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultgen, J.: 1987, ‘Rational contractors’, Journal of Value Inquiry 21,185-198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lessnoff, M. H.: 1990, Social contract theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W. and R. L Jepperson: 2000, ‘The “actors” of modern society: The cultural construction of social agency’, Sociological Theory 18(1),100–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. and B. Rowan: 1991, ‘Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony’, in W. W. Powell and P. DiMaggio (eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), pp. 41–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolke, A.: 2006, “Introduction to the Special Issue: The Globalization of Accounting Standards”, Business and Politics, 7(3), 1-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palazzo, G., & A. G. Scherer.: 2008, “Corporate social responsibility, democracy, and the politicization of the corporation”, Academy of Management Review, 33(3), 773-775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, J., & A. Nolke.: 2006, “The political economy of International Accounting Standards”, Review of International Political Economy, 13(4), 559-586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. R.: 1945, The open society and its enemies (G. Routledge & sons, London).

  • Porter, T.: 2001, “The Democratic Deficit in the Institutional Arrangements for Regulating Global Finance”, Global Governance, 7(4): 427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, T.: 2003, “Technical collaboration and political conflict in the emerging regime for international financial regulation”, Review of International Political Economy, 10(3), 520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, T.: 2005, “Private authority, technical authority, and the globalization of accounting standards” Business and Politics, 7(3), 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, M. J.: 1993, “Professional Innovation - Corporate Lawyers and Private Lawmaking”, Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation, 18(3), 423-452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragin, C. C.: 2000, Fuzzy-set social science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raz, J.: 1986, The Morality of Freedom. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rihoux, B., & C. C. Ragin.: 2009, Configurational comparative methods: qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, A. G., G. Palazzo & D. Baumann.: 2006, “Global rules and private actors: Toward a new role of the transnational corporation in global governance”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4), 505-532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W. R.: 2008, Institutions and organizations: ideas and interests (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soule, E.: 2002, “Managerial moral strategies - In search of a few good principles”, Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 114-124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spar, D. L.: 1999, ‘Lost in (Cyber) Space: The Private Rules of Online Commerce’, Private Authority in International Affairs, 31-52.

  • Suchman, M. C.: 1995, ‘Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches’, Academy of Management Review 20, 571-610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugden, R.: 1998, Normative expectations: the simultaneous evolution of institutions and norms. In A. Ben-Ner, & L. Putterman (Eds.), Economics, Values and Organization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, G.: 1997, Global law without a state. Aldershot: Dartmouth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trakman, L. E.: 1983, The law merchant: the evolution of commercial law. Littleton, Colo.: F.B. Rothman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Harten, G.: 2005, “Private authority and transnational governance: the contours of the international system of investor protection”, Review of International Political Economy, 12(4), 600-623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Oosterhout, J.H. & P.P.M.A.R. Heugens.: 2008. Much ado about nothing; A conceptual critique of corporate social responsibility. In A. Crane (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility: 197-223. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van Oosterhout, J. H., P.P.M.A.R. Heugens & M. Kaptein, M.: 2006, “The internal morality of contracting: Advancing the contractualist endeavor in business ethics”, Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 521-539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oosterhout, J. H., P.P. M. A. R. Heugens & M. Kaptein.: 2007. “Contractualism vindicated: A response to Boatright”, Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 295-297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, D.: 2008, “Private global business regulation”, Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 261-282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, M.: 1994, Thick and thin: Moral argument at home and abroad (University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wempe, B.:2005. “In defense of a self-disciplined, domain-specific social contract theory of business ethics”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 15(1), 113-135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wempe, B.: 2008, “Contractarian business ethics: Credentials and design criteria”, Organization Studies, 29(10), 1337-1355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E.: 1985, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E.: 2002, “The lens of contract: Private ordering”, American Economic Review, 92(2), 438-443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. van Oosterhout.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

van Oosterhout, J., Heugens, P.P.M.A.R. Extant Social Contracts in Global Business Regulation: Outline of a Research Agenda. J Bus Ethics 88 (Suppl 4), 729–740 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0329-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0329-0

Keywords

Navigation