PaperMonk seal mortality: virus or toxin?
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Cited by (32)
Phycotoxins
2023, Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, Volume 3: Environmental Toxicologic Pathology and Major Toxicant ClassesTrace element concentrations in the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
2017, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, Hg, which is considered to be an important threat to several marine species, seems not to be a noxious agent to Greek monk seals (Dietz et al., 2013; Scheuhammer et al., 2015; Shoham-Frider et al., 2016; Shoham-Frider et al., 2014). Immunodepression, which is one possible effect of trace element contamination, may expose Mediterranean monk seals to epizootics and stochastic events of mass mortality, such as the one that occurred in 1997 in the Atlantic monk seal colony at Cabo Blanco (Osterhaus et al., 1997; Osterhaus et al., 1998; Reyero et al., 2000). In addition, the simultaneous exposure to different trace elements can potentially lead to a final toxic effect which may either be additive, antagonistic or synergistic (Tchounwou et al., 2012), as shown for co-exposure to mixtures of arsenic, lead and cadmium (Wang and Fowler, 2008).
Saxitoxin increases phocine distemper virus replication upon in-vitro infection in harbor seal immune cells
2016, Harmful AlgaeCitation Excerpt :The impact of infectious diseases on the host can be altered by risk factors which may increase host susceptibility. The virus isolated from Mediterranean monk seals was determined to be most similar to an isolated dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) rather than known sequences of phocine distemper virus (PDV) or canine distemper virus (CDV) (Osterhaus et al., 1998). While the morbillivirus was identified and isolated, clinical signs and histopathological findings in monk seal mortalities suggest that STX was the proximal cause of the die-off (Hernandez et al., 1998).
Algal Bloom Toxicity in Marine Animals
2008, Zoo and Wild Animal MedicineAlgal bloom toxicity in marine animals
2007, Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy