Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 276, Issue 7165, 24 December 1960, Pages 1373-1376
The Lancet

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
EXPERIMENTAL STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN MAN

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    Whether pathogens incorporated into mixed species biofilms, which commonly contaminate hospital surfaces [12], would be transferred in a similar fashion is being investigated. Though the transmission rate of S. aureus DSB from one fomite to another is low, when compared with planktonic bacteria, sufficient numbers of bacteria were transferred to cause infection even after 19 consecutive touches as the estimated infective dose in lesions for S. aureus is thought to be 15 cells/cm2 [17]. Thus, even if only one environmental surface is contaminated with DSB, multiple surfaces could be contaminated by healthcare workers touching this item once if hand hygiene is not performed.

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    Experimental induction causes infection within 24–48 h in human skin samples, but the inoculum required is four to eight million staphylococci.103 Experimental lesions made by scraping the epidermis from the human forearm can be infected with as little as 15 staphylococci if the lesions are then sealed with a cover slip and adhesive tape.104 Perhaps this experimental state could be compared with the insertion site of a vascular catheter or other device that breaches the epidermis.

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    2007, Journal of Hospital Infection
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    Second, we used a non-quantitative enrichment protocol, which will detect low-level contamination. The critical level of environmental contamination that is significant for cross-transmission is unknown, but very low numbers of staphylococci are capable of causing infection under certain conditions.29 Dancer (2004) has recently proposed a microbiological standard of <1 cfu/cm2 for MRSA, certain species of GNR and VRE.30

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