What makes governance networks work? A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 14 Dutch spatial planning projects

Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to determine the conditions that contribute to the satisfactory outcome of decision-making processes in governance networks. In this article, we explore how the interaction of three such conditions – network complexity, network management, and stakeholder involvement – results in stakeholder satisfaction. We use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis – a relatively new approach in public administration research – to systematically compare the decision-making processes and outcomes of 14 Dutch spatial planning projects. Our analysis points to three combinations that result in stakeholder satisfaction: network complexity combined with adaptive management; stakeholder involvement combined with adaptive management; and low complexity combined with both limited stakeholder involvement and closed network management.