Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevent cardiac remodeling in pigs after myocardial infarction: role of tissue angiotensin II

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade after myocardial infarction (MI) are not fully elucidated but may include interference with tissue angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine pigs underwent coronary artery ligation or sham operation and were studied up to 6 weeks. To determine coronary angiotensin I (Ang I) to Ang II conversion and to distinguish plasma-derived Ang II from locally synthesized Ang II, (125)I-labeled and endogenous Ang I and II were measured in plasma and in infarcted and noninfarcted left ventricle (LV) during (125)I-Ang I infusion. Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-mediated uptake of circulating (125)I-Ang II was increased at 1 and 3 weeks in noninfarcted LV, and this uptake was the main cause of the transient elevation in Ang II levels in the noninfarcted LV at 1 week. Ang II levels and AT(1) receptor-mediated uptake of circulating Ang II were reduced in the infarct area at all time points. Coronary Ang I to Ang II conversion was unaffected by MI. Captopril and the AT(1) receptor antagonist eprosartan attenuated postinfarct remodeling, although both drugs increased cardiac Ang II production. Captopril blocked coronary conversion by >80% and normalized Ang II uptake in the noninfarcted LV. Eprosartan did not affect coronary conversion and blocked cardiac Ang II uptake by >90%. CONCLUSIONS: Both circulating and locally generated Ang II contribute to remodeling after MI. The rise in tissue Ang II production during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and AT(1) receptor blockade suggests that the antihypertrophic effects of these drugs result not only from diminished AT(1) receptor stimulation but also from increased stimulation of growth-inhibitory Ang II type 2 receptors.