Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Indonesia

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as an important pathogen both in hospital and community settings worldwide. Infections caused by MRSA lead to significant impact on healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. The studies in this thesis aimed to ascertain the emergence, transmission, and genetic basis of MRSA in Indonesian hospitals and households. Risk factors for MRSA carriage among patients were determined. In addition, the preventive actions on transmission and acquisition of MRSA were introduced and evaluated, particularly the hand hygiene of healthcare workers. This information is necessary for the development of an evidence-based guideline to control MRSA transmission in Indonesian hospitals.