Maternal lipid profile 6 years after a gestational hypertensive disorder

Background: Gestational hypertensive disorders (GHDs), including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life, possibly through an atherogenic lipid profile.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess if women with a previous GHD have a more atherogenic lipid profile 6 years after pregnancy compared to women with a previous normotensive pregnancy.
Methods: In a population-based prospective cohort study, we included 4933 women during pregnancy, including 302 women with a GHD. Six years after pregnancy, we determined maternal lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein[a], and apolipoprotein B) and glucose levels.
Results: Women with a previous GHD had a more atherogenic lipid profile 6 years after pregnancy compared to women with a previous normotensive pregnancy. These atherogenic lipid profiles were a result of higher levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Differences in lipid profile between women with a previous GHD and women with a previous normotensive pregnancy were attenuated after adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index. Between women from both groups, no differences were observed in total cholesterol, lipoprotein[a], and glucose levels.
Conclusion: Women with a previous GHD show a more atherogenic lipid profile 6 years after pregnancy than women with a previous normotensive pregnancy. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease after a GHD might result from an atherogenic lipid profile after pregnancy, primarily driven by prepregnancy body mass index.