Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Actions

The clinical interest in the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) is further increasing as their versatility in animal trial settings becomes more and more obvious. Indeed, screening the official review site for clinical trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) using the search term “Mesenchymal Stem Cells” reveals 611 records (September, 2017). The large diversity of medical indications for treatment with MSC comprises hematological malignancies, diabetes type 1, neurologic diseases, joint and bone diseases, organ transplantation, or liver diseases, just to mention a small selection. This indicates the big potential of MSC to act beneficially both on chronic and acute diseases of either local or systemic origin. However, albeit we are only starting to understand the mode of action of MSC in certain disease conditions, there is still hesitation on the safety, upscale feasibility and, effectiveness of clinical MSC application.

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