Neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury 2-year post-injury

Objective: To determine neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury (ABI) and explore associated factors.
Design: Cross-sectional study, two-years post-injury.
Patients: Hospital-based sample (n=112) aged 6-22 years.
Methods: Neurological outcome and participation were assessed with a multidimensional neurological examination and the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.
Results: Both sensorimotor and cognitive deficits were found in 30-31%, language deficits and behavioural deficits in 10-17%. Non-traumatic injury had a negative impact on neurological outcome, specifically regarding sensorimotor and language deficits. Lower education level showed a significantly poorer neurological outcome. High levels of age-expected participation were reported, with a significant relation between deficits and participation restrictions, especially at school.
Conclusion: One out of three have a poor neurological outcome, related to type of injury and lower level of education. The amount of deficits is associated with participation restrictions.