Analyzing relationships of necessity is important for both scholarly and applied research questions in the social sciences. An often-used technique for identifying such relationships—fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)—has limited ability to make the most out of the data used. The set-theoretical technique fsQCA makes statements in kind (e.g., “a condition or configuration is necessary or not for an outcome”), thereby ignoring the variation in degree. We propose to apply a recently developed technique for identifying relationships of necessity that can make both statements in kind and in degree, thus making full use of variation in the data: Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). With its ability to also make statements in degree (“a specific level of a condition is necessary or not for a specific level of the outcome”), NCA can complement the in kind analysis of necessity with fsQCA.

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doi.org/10.1177/0049124115626179, hdl.handle.net/1765/111509
ERIM Top-Core Articles
Sociological Methods and Research
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), Erasmus University

Vis, B. (Barbara), & Dul, J. (2018). Analyzing Relationships of Necessity Not Just in Kind But Also in Degree: Complementing fsQCA With NCA. Sociological Methods and Research, 47(4), 872–899. doi:10.1177/0049124115626179