A periodic autoregressive time-series model assumes that the autoregressive parameters vary with the season. This model can also be represented by a multivariate model for the annual vector containing the seasonal observations. When this multivariate model contains one unit root, a time-series is said to be periodically integrated of order 1. In this paper we propose tests for such a single unit root. These tests for periodic integration are applied to a periodic model for the quarterly German consumption series.

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doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)00635-F, hdl.handle.net/1765/2084
Economics Letters
Erasmus School of Economics

Franses, P. H., & Boswijk, P. (1995). Testing for periodic integration. Economics Letters, 235–240. doi:10.1016/0165-1765(94)00635-F