Education: Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia

The Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, because of their shared Islamic heritage, similar relationship with imperialism, and trajectory of modernization, have undergone comparable—if not identical—paths of educational transformation since the eighteenth century. Educational institutions and social actors therein have been key figures in the perpetuation of tradition and have been harbingers of change and innovation. The pursuit of knowledge (`ilm) within a context of culturally relevant forms of socialization have been the cornerstones of educational endeavors for the populations of this region. Prior to the modern period, when formal institutionalized schooling became the norm, education, understood as the formal transmission of knowledge and codes of behavior to the young, had diverse manifestations.

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