Modeling for Policy: Science-based models as performative boundary objects for Dutch policy making

This paper investigates the role of models for policy by drawing on and exploring the tensions between the notions of boundary objects and performativity. The notion of boundary object has proven to be useful in gaining a better understanding both of the hybrid character of science-based models and their role in the coordination between different social worlds. However, by assuming that these worlds remain stable, an investigation into the performative nature of models tends to be overlooked. Therefore, this paper investigates how models are constituted by negotiations between scientists and policymakers and at the same time constitute social worlds. It examines two simulation models developed in different Dutch policy contexts: a macroeconomic model for the health care system and an ecological landscape planning and assessment model. The paper shows that models not only actively coordinate social worlds but also contribute to changing them. The performativity of models ranges from generic (instrumental) to substantial as they infl uence social worlds to the extent that these worlds start behaving the way models describe.