Left ventricular performance, regional blood flow, wall motion, and lactate metabolism during transluminal angioplasty

The response of left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial lactate metabolism during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was studied in a series of patients undergoing the procedure. From four to six balloon inflation procedures per patient were performed with an average duration per occlusion of 51 +/- 12 sec (mean +/- SD) and a total occlusion time of 252 +/- 140 sec. Analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics in 19 patients showed that the relaxation parameters, peak negative rate of change in pressure, and early time constants of relaxation, responded earliest to short-term coronary occlusion (peak effect at 17 +/- 7 sec) while other parameters, such as peak pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and peak positive rate of change in pressure, responded more gradually, suggesting a progressive depression of myocardial mechanics throughout the procedure. Left ventricular angiograms, available for 14 patients, indicated an early onset of asynchronous relaxation concurrent with the early response in peak negative dP/dt and the time constant of early relaxation. All hemodynamic functions fully recovered within minutes after the end of PTCA. Mean blood flow in the great cardiac vein and proximal coronary sinus and the hyperemic response were measured in 20 patients. Before PTCA mean flow in the great cardiac vein was 69 +/- 17 ml/min and in the coronary sinus it was 129 +/- 34 ml/min. Reactive hyperemia (great cardiac vein) was 55% after the first PTCA and 91% after the third. A more pronounced reaction was observed when the residual functional coronary stenosis was reduced in subsequent dilatations. Arteriovenous lactate difference appeared constant during the first two occlusions (control +0.11 mmol/liter, first PTCA -0.87 mmol/liter, and second PTCA -0.82 mmol/liter) and did not increase during subsequent occlusions. Within minutes after the procedure lactate balance was again positive, demonstrating the reversibility of the metabolic disturbances after repeated ischemia. The results of this study indicate that there is no permanent dysfunction of global or regional myocardial mechanics, myocardial blood flow, or lactate metabolism after PTCA with four to six coronary occlusions of 40 to 60 sec.