This article presents the results of case analyses of eleven executive agencies from four Dutch ministerial departments: Education and Sciences; Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries; Transport and Public Works; and, Justice. These agencies are all so-called hybrid organizations; that is, they are somewhere between pure government agencies on one hand and commercial firms on the other. Such organizations make up the bulk of the public sphere in many Western European countries. Public management theorists must understand and explain the governance of this increasingly important class of hybrid organizations.