A population-based study on the prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease in the Netherlands

Purpose: Because most population-based studies on the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are cross-sectional, there is, except for end-stage renal disease, hardly any information on incidence rates. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a dynamic population, using data of 784,563 adult participants retrieved from the Integrated Primary Care Information database, a primary care database containing the complete electronic longitudinal medical records. CKD (both incidence and prevalence) was based on (1) an increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, (2) a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, or (3) explicit statement in the medical record. Results were stratified by age according to the WHO standard population, sex, and diabetes mellitus. Results: Based on a single measurement only, the incidence rate of CKD in adults was 1,213 per 100,000 person-years, and 6.7 percent of the adult population had a prevalent diagnosis of CKD. The incidence rate increased by age and was the highest in participants with diabetes with an incidence of 25,000 per 100,000 person-years, affecting over 75 percent of participants with diabetes. Conclusions: This is the first study to report the incidence rates of all stages of CKD for the entire adult population, stratified by sex, 5-year age groups, and diabetes. Our data demonstrate that the incidence of CKD increases with age and is the highest in participants with diabetes mellitus.

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